A clinico-histopathological study of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital with special focus on histomorphology of fallopian tubes in tubal ectopic pregnancy

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy can present as an acute life‑threatening emergency when it ruptures and accounts for about 10% of all maternal mortalities; therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the unruptured ectopic pregnancy such that timely intervention will prevent morbidity and mortality. The fallopian tube is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy (90-95%). With an increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy worldwide, a histopathological study of the resected fallopian tubes becomes important to look for predisposing/associated findings such as acute salpingitis, chronic salpingitis and salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN). Objectives: The aim was to study the clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy and its association with various factors like age and gravida status. It also aims to study the histomorphology of the fallopian tubes with ectopic gestation and note the presence of predisposing factors such as acute salpingitis, chronic salpingitis and SIN. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 specimens of ectopic pregnancy received in Department of Pathology for a retrospective period of 2.5-years from January 2019 to May 2021 were reviewed

Pregnancy outcomes in COVID positive patients

Background and Objective: A new pathogen of high contagious abilities named Corona virus was seen to target pregnant women due to physiologic changes in their immune system, cardiopulmonary and coagulation system leading to poor fetus-maternal outcome. Thus, to determine maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women affected with COVID-19 and its frequency of vertical transmission is the main objective of the study. Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 pregnant women with RTPCR confirmed COVID-19 infection between 1st March 2021 and 1st August 2021. The foetal and maternal outcome, frequency of vertical transmission, mode of delivery, presenting symptoms and Level of serum markers such as LDH and CRP were noted. Results: Among 50 patients, 68% delivered through Caesarean section 34% delivered vaginally. The most common presenting symptom was fever in 50% patients. Other symptoms were running nose, headache, myalgia, loss of smell and taste.68% patients had raised Serum LDH level and 26% patient had raised Serum CRP level. The maternal condition was taken into account based on source of oxygen saturation by monitoring Spo2 level

Leveraging Open Science Machine Learning Challenges for Data Constrained Planetary Mission Instruments

International audienceWe set up two open-science machine learning (ML) challenges focusing on building models to automatically analyze massspectrometry (MS) data for Mars exploration. ML challenges provide an excellent way to engage a diverse set of experts withbenchmark training data, explore a wide range of ML and data science approaches, and identify promising models based onempirical results, as well as to get independent external analyses to compare to those of the internal team. These two challengeswere proof-of-concept projects to analyze the feasibility of combining data collected from different instruments in a singleML application. We selected mass spectrometry data from 1) commercial instruments and 2) the Sample Analysis at Mars(SAM, an instrument suite that includes a mass spectrometer subsystem onboard the Curiosity rover) testbed. These challenges,organized with DrivenData, gathered more than 1,150 unique participants from all over the world, and obtained more than 600solutions contributing powerful models to the analysis of rock and soil samples relevant to planetary science using various massspectrometry datasets. These two challenges demonstrated the suitability and value of multiple ML approaches to classifyingplanetary analog datasets from both commercial and flight-like instruments.We present the processes from the problem identification, challenge setups, and challenge results that gathered creative anddiverse solutions from worldwide participants, in some cases with no backgrounds in mass spectrometry. We also present thepotential and limitations of these solutions for ML application in future planetary missions. Our longer-term goal is to deploythese powerful methods onboard the spacecraft to autonomously guide space operations and reduce ground-in-the-loop reliance

COVID-19 vaccination intent and willingness to pay in Bangladesh:a cross-sectional study

Abstract This article reports the intent to receive a SARS-COV-2 vaccine, its predictors and willingness to pay in Bangladesh. We carried out an online cross-sectional survey of 697 adults from the general population of Bangladesh in January 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to assess vaccination intent. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables and health belief model constructs which may predict vaccination intent. Among the participants, 26% demonstrated a definite intent, 43% probable intent, 24% probable negative, and 7% a definite negative intention. Multivariable logistic regression analyses suggest an association between definite intent and previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.71–4.78), perceiving COVID-19 as serious (OR: 1.93; 1.04–3.59), the belief that vaccination would make them feel less worried about catching COVID-19 (OR: 4.42; 2.25–8.68), and concerns about vaccine affordability (OR: 1.51; 1.01–2.25). Individuals afraid of the side effects (OR: 0.34; 0.21–0.53) and those who would take the vaccine if the vaccine were taken by many others (OR: 0.44; 0.29–0.67) are less likely to have a definite intent. A definite negative intent is associated with the concern that the vaccine may not be halal (OR: 2.03; 1.04–3.96). Furthermore, 68.4% are willing to pay for the vaccine. The median amount that they are willing to pay is USD 7.08. The study findings reveal that the definite intent to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among the general population varies depending on their COVID-19-related health beliefs and no significant association was found with sociodemographic variables

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Causing Infection of Transplanted Lung Allograft: A Pitfall of Prolonged Shedding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Pretransplant

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Lung transplant is a viable option for a few with COVID-19–related lung disease. Whom and when to transplant has been the major question impacting the transplant community given the novelty of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe a pitfall of presumed prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to COVID-19 pneumonia after lung transplant. This raises concerns that replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus can persist for months post-infection and can lead to re-infection of grafts in the future

Depression among the non-native international undergraduate students studying dentistry in Bangladesh

Abstract Background: Bangladesh has been attracting international students with interests in various subjects recently. Every year students from different parts of the world come to study undergraduate and postgraduate courses, mostly at private universities in Bangladesh. This study evaluates the depression status among international students who are studying dentistry in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among International undergraduate dental students who enrolled in the Bachelor of Dental Surgery program in nine public and private dental colleges in Bangladesh. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. A total of 206 students completed the survey where 78.5% of them were female students and 21.5% students were male, and a CES-D 10-item Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. The Cronbach alpha for the 10-item CES-D scale for this population is 0.812. Results: The majority of the students (79.5%) are below 24 years of age with a mean age of 23.22 years and standard deviation of 2.3, and are students who cannot communicate well in Bengali (Bangla), about 60% of them have experienced depression. About 77.3% (p < 0.00) of the international students having financial difficulties exhibited depression. The international students who went through financial problems were two times more likely to suffer from depression (OR = 2.38; p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: This study tried to highlight the struggles faced by international students in Bangladesh studying dentistry. It is evident from the findings that several factors influence students’ mental well-being during demanding dental education years

Assessment of systemic and gastrointestinal tissue damage biomarkers for GVHD risk stratification

We used a rigorous PRoBE (prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation) study design to compare the ability of biomarkers of systemic inflammation and biomarkers of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue damage to predict response to corticosteroid treatment, the incidence of clinically severe disease, 6-month nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and overall survival in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We prospectively collected serum samples of newly diagnosed GVHD patients (n = 730) from 19 centers, divided them into training (n = 352) and validation (n = 378) cohorts, and measured TNFR1, TIM3, IL6, ST2, and REG3 alpha via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Performances of the 4 strongest algorithms from the training cohort (TNFR1 + TIM3, TNFR1 + ST2, TNFR1 + REG3 alpha, and ST2 + REG3 alpha) were evaluated in the validation cohort. The algorithm that included only biomarkers of systemic inflammation (TNFR1 + TIM3) had a significantly smaller area under the curve (AUC; 0.57) than the AUCs of algorithms that contained >= 1 GI damage biomarker (TNFR1 + ST2, 0.70; TNFR1 + REG3 alpha, 0.73; ST2 + REG3 alpha, 0.79; all P < .001). All 4 algorithms were able to predict short-term outcomes such as response to systemic corticosteroids and severe GVHD, but the inclusion of a GI damage biomarker was needed to predict long-term outcomes such as 6-month NRM and survival. The algorithm that included 2 GI damage biomarkers was the most accurate of the 4 algorithms for all endpoints

Association of Neutralizing Antispike Monoclonal Antibody Treatment With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization and Assessment of the Monoclonal Antibody Screening Score

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the Monoclonal Antibody Screening Score performs consistently better in identifying the need for monoclonal antibody infusion throughout each “wave” of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant predominance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and that the infusion of contemporary monoclonal antibody treatments is associated with a lower risk of hospitalization. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment compared with that of no monoclonal antibody treatment in symptomatic adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 regardless of their risk factors for disease progression or vaccination status during different periods of SARS-CoV-2 variant predominance. The primary outcome was hospitalization within 28 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. The study was conducted on patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 from November 19, 2020, through May 12, 2022. Results: Of the included 118,936 eligible patients, hospitalization within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis occurred in 2.52% (456/18,090) of patients who received monoclonal antibody treatment and 6.98% (7,037/100,846) of patients who did not. Treatment with monoclonal antibody therapies was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization when using stratified data analytics, propensity scoring, and regression and machine learning models with and without adjustments for putative confounding variables, such as advanced age and coexisting medical conditions (eg, relative risk, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.14-0.17). Conclusion: Among patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, including those who have been vaccinated, monoclonal antibody treatment was associated with a lower risk of hospital admission during each wave of the COVID-19 pandemic