Efficacy of Open Textbook Adoption on Learning Performance and Course Withdrawal Rates: A Meta-Analysis

Open textbooks have been developed in response to rising commercial textbook costs and copyright constraints. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine open textbooks with varied findings. The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the findings of studies of postsecondary students comparing learning performance and course withdrawal rates between open and commercial textbooks. Based on a systematic search of research findings, there were no differences in learning efficacy between open textbooks and commercial textbooks (k = 22, g = 0.01, p = .87, N = 100,012). However, the withdrawal rate for postsecondary courses with open textbooks was significantly lower than that for commercial textbooks (k = 11, OR (odds ratio) = 0.71, p = .005, N = 78,593). No significant moderators were identified. Limitations and future directions for research, such as a need for more work in K–12 education, outside of North America, and that better examine student characteristics, are discussed

2-(Methoxy­carbon­yl)anilinium dihydrogen phosphate

The title compound, C8H10NO2 +·H2PO4 −, is a derivative of the naturally occurring compound methyl­anthranilate. The asymmetric unit comprises the 2-(methoxy­carbon­yl)anilinium cation and the dihydrogen phosphate anion. In the cation, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring plane and that through the methyl ester substituent is 22.94 (9)°. In the crystal, adjacent cations and anions form dimers through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, respectively. Additional N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O contacts result in a network of cation and anion dimers stacked down the b axis

Impact of Corporate Governance Compliance and Financial Crisis on Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Pakistan

This study examines the impact of corporate governance compliance and global financial crisis on stock liquidity of Pakistani listed non-financial firms. By using a sample of 170 firms for the period of 2007 to 2016, and employing fixed effect regression model, the study finds a positive relationship between stock liquidity and corporate governance compliance, stating that more complied firms with the given code of corporate governance have better stock liquidity. The relationship of the global financial crisis with stock liquidity is negative and statistically significant, which means that stock liquidity of Pakistani listed firms is affected negatively during the global financial crisis. Conclusively, findings of the study signify the role of corporate governance compliance and financial crisis in determining stock liquidity of Pakistani listed firms, which have implications for investment and policymaking in Pakistan.  &nbsp

(3S,4Z)-3-Chloro-1-methyl-4-[(2E)-(3-methyl­benzyl­idene)hydrazinyl­idene]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1-benzothia­zine 2,2-dioxide

In the title compound, C17H16ClN3O2S, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 7.75 (13)°. The thia­zine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the S atom as the flap at a distance of 0.813 (2) Å from the plane through the other five atoms. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains propagating in [100]

6-Bromo-3,3-dichloro-1-methyl-1H-2,1-benzothia­zin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide

The monomeric title compound, C9H6BrCl2NO3S, has an envelope-shaped thia­zine ring with the S atom 0.879 (9) Å out of the mean square plane of the envelope. The π–π distances between the centroids of the heterocyclic rings are 4.191 (5) and 4.110 (5) Å. The closest intermolecular inter­actions between the O atoms of the carbonyl and sulfonyl groups with Br and Cl atoms are 2.987 (7) and 2.992 (8) Å, respectively

Ethical Values and Social Responsibilities among Knowledge Workers for Productivity and Success

This millennium is the era of the globalization and info-tech. Advancement in communication technologies, melting boundaries and attractive incentives from the multinational organizations demand strong ethical and social responsibilities with effective organizational culture among its employees for productive results. Fundamentally, civil society organizations are considered development agents as they work as watch-dog monitoring the social abuses. But the study suggests that it’s not government agencies to impose rules rather knowledge workers (KW) should realize and pay due respect to ethical and social values. The culture and internal environment play very important role where every individual respect the general rules and they do get inspiration from their leaders, supervisors and employers.  To get the best from people and their respective organizations, effective leadership role of the executives is crucial.  The study concludes that every executive must strongly admit the importance of ethics and social responsibilities as the future success of organizations demands thorough understanding of interaction between productivity and ethics among knowledge workers. Organizations should concentrate on introducing HRD programmes, strengthen service orientation and create synergies to educate their staff for the ethical norms while unlocking their potentials in order to achieve long lasting productive results. Keywords: ICT, Technological Advancement, Organizational Effectiveness, Ethics and Responsibilities, Knowledge Management, Learning and Development

2-{(E)-[(2Z)-(3-Chloro-1-methyl-2,2-di­oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1-benzo­thia­zin-4-yl­idene)hydrazinyl­idene]meth­yl}phenol

In the title compound, C16H14ClN3O3S, the thia­zine ring adopts a sofa (half-chair) conformation, with an r.m.s. deviation from the mean plane of 0.23 Å. The S atom and S-bonded C atom exhibit the maximum deviations from the thia­zine mean plane [−0.3976 (12) and 0.3179 (14) Å, respectively]. The conformations around the double bonds in the R 2C=N—N=CHR unit are Z and E. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond with the hy­droxy group as donor generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions connect the mol­ecules, forming inversion dimers

Methyl 2-[(methyl­sulfon­yl)(prop­yl)amino]benzoate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H17NO4S, contains two mol­ecules, both of which show disorder of the two terminal C atoms of the propyl chain over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.581 (6):0.419 (6). Intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions help to establish the mol­ecular conformations: in one mol­ecule, the dihedral angle between the methyl ester group and the benzene ring is 41.0 (2)°, whereas in the other mol­ecule it is 36.12 (17)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Socio-demographic correlates of exhaled breath carbon monoxide in Karachi\u27s adult population

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between CO levels and putative factors including smoking status among residents of Karachi, an urban center with very high levels of air pollution. METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen volunteering subjects were asked to maximally exhale into a Smokerlyzer breath CO analyzer. Each of the volunteers was also asked to reply to a questionnaire-based interview seeking demographic information as well as details of exposure to tobacco, traffic fumes and other air pollutants. RESULTS: Out of the 218 participating subjects, 75% were males and 27% were current or ex-smokers. The mean CO level was 2.92 parts per million (ppm). Cigarette smoking was the only factor found to influence CO levels. Number of cigarettes smoked per day was directly related to CO levels, while time since the last smoke was inversely related. There was no difference in CO levels between ex-smokers and never-been-smokers. Years of residence in Karachi, quantitative exposure to traffic and perception of occupational exposure to air pollutants were not associated with CO levels. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day and time since last smoke correlated well with exhaled breath CO levels, in spite of high air pollution levels. This tool therefore continues to provide a valid and real-time assessment of a subject\u27s current smoking status