Regulation of the Duration of Spawning Cycles of Catfish in Industrial Aquaculture

This article is devoted to the study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus eggs produced at different durations of the inter-spawning interval. Eggs were produced artificially using sex hormones. In industrial aquaculture, the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus does not reproduce naturally. Therefore, the problem of obtaining high-quality eggs that will be used for in-vitro fertilization is urgent. To implement artificial spawning of fish in industrial aquaculture, it is necessary to correctly choose the effective hormonal stimulator and empirically select its dose. Sex hormones are involved in regulating the duration of the inter-spawning interval and affect the quality of eggs produced both for fertilization and for food purposes. The pituitary gland of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus and surfagon were used as gametogenesis stimulators. The aim of the work was to study the optimal duration of the inter-spawning interval and the effect of hormonal inducers used to stimulate artificial spawning in industrial aquaculture. The use of the catfish pituitary gland in fresh or acetonated form as a hormonal stimulator provided higher-quality eggs, compared to the synthetic hormonal drug - surfagon. Stimulation with acetonated pituitary injections reduced the inter-spawning interval of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to three months, and the use of surfagon prolonged the inter-spawning interval to four months. Reducing the duration of the inter-spawning interval is important for the production of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus eggs for food purposes. Studies have shown that reducing the optimal duration of the inter-spawning interval negatively affects the quality of the produced eggs and their quantity. This research was financially supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, project No. 18-016-00127. Keywords: aquaculture, African Catfish Clarias gariepinus, eggs, inter-spawning period, sex hormones, oocyte

Arachnoentomoses of domestic carnivores and effectiveness of insacar total in dogs otodectosis

The research analyzes the epizootological features of arachnomyioses of domestic carnivores of different species on the territory of cities in the Middle Volga region. With varying degrees of extensive invasion, this group of diseases consisted of sarcoptic mange of dogs, ear mange of dogs and cats, demodecosis of dogs, notoedric mange of cats and aphanipterosis of animals. The authors studied the seasonal, age and breed dynamics of sarcoptic mange of dogs, notoedric mange of cats, demodectic mange of dogs and aphanipterosis of cats. The authors established the peaks of invasion in arachnomyioses of various species of domestic carnivores, identified the most vulnerable age groups of animals to diseases. The analysis of the breed predisposition of animals to this group of diseases and the distribution of sick animals by sex was carried out. It is established that arachnomyioses are characterized by regional epizootological features. A new drug Insakar Total C, developed by the staff of FGBNU FNC VIEV RAS (Moscow) for ear mange of dogs, was tested. The research was carried out on dogs of the shelter for homeless animals "Paw of Help" at the Ulyanovsk SAU. During the test, it was found that Insakar Total C shows 100% therapeutic effectiveness in ear mange of dogs of moderate severity. The use of the drug, according to the instructions and instructions, completely frees sick animals from ticks- ear mange. The research was carried out with the grant support of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Functional biologically active feed additive for breeding stock of fish

The work is devoted to the development and evaluation of the complex effect of a biologically active feed additive that meets the requirements of a functional feeding complex that ensures the regulation of physiological processes in the body of female breeding stock. In particular, influence of feed additives and its components on growth rate, quality of sexual products, reproductive process, embryogenesis, level of anomalies in the development of offspring, its growth potential was studied. The biologically active feed additive for the breeding stock included probiotic «Sporotermin», adaptogen «Trekrezan», vitamin-amino acid complex «Chiktonik». The hypothesis was tested that the developed feed additive, due to the peculiarities of its composition, is able to increase the growth rate of fish, optimize gametogenesis, reduce the level of pathology during embryonic development, increase the yield of larvae, increase their viability, reduce the level of developmental anomalies, increase survival and safety. The research results showed that the biologically active feed additive reduced the time of fish rearing, had a positive effect on the quality of female eggs and sperm in males, increased the quality characteristics of eggs, reduced the level of embryonic death during embryo incubation, increased the yield of larvae and their safety

Corrective effect of probiotics on the work of the fish body in industrial aquaculture

Abstract. The world community associates the solution of the problem of food security with the development of aquaculture. The search for means of intensifying the production of a complete and easily digestible food protein in aquaculture is an important and urgent problem. Recently, probiotics, which have long been in demand in medicine, have been used in aquaculture to improve health, accelerate growth and improve the quality of fish in aquaculture. However, the correct choice of a probiotic for aquaculture is not an easy task, since in the modern world a wide range of probiotic preparations is produced in various forms, the dosage of which for aquaculture needs has not been developed, as well as the dosage and duration of their use have not been developed. Meanwhile, the use of probiotics in aquaculture can be expected to increase the production of marketable fish of improved quality. Probiotics for aquaculture should be resistant to gastric juice, able to colonize the intestines of fish, interact with the normobiota of the intestine and suppress pathogens. These properties are possessed by the probiotic "Sporotermin". It consists of freeze-dried spores of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. The content of viable spores in the preparation is not less than 3x10/9 CFU/g. The research results showed that the use of the probiotic "Sportermin" in aquaculture has a healing effect on fish, normalizes the structure of intestinal and liver tissues, affects the leukogram, activates the immune response system, reduces the level of oxidative stress, activating antioxidant defense enzymes and reducing the level of malondialdehyde. The research was carried out on the instructions of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Effectiveness of the Use of the Adaptogen Trekrezan in the Cultivation of African Catfish

Growing fish in closed water supply installations with a high planting density leads to accumulation of waste products, turning the habitat into toxic. Growing fish in such an environment leads to stress and increases the stress on their liver, which provides the body with detoxification of metabolites. To reduce stress, adaptogens are used, which increase endurance and survival, increase adaptive plasticity, and strengthen the immunity of fish. We used an adaptogen called Trekrezan. The work aim was to study the morphofunctional changes in liver and its microarchitectonics in African catfish grown using Trekrezan. The analysis of morphofunctional changes in liver allows us to judge the general physiological state of fish body. The liver index of African catfish grown without the use of Trekrezan is significantly higher in both males and females, compared to African catfish grown with Trekrezan, which indicates an intensification of metabolism. Analysis of histological structure of African catfish liver (Clarias gariepinus), grown without the use of the Ttrekrezan, revealed abnormalities of the parenchymal layer of liver with signs of fatty dystrophy, signs of necrotic changes in liver cells, hemorrhages in vascular region, a violation of polarity in the structure of hepatocytes. In species raised in an environment with Trekrezan, these abnormalities are absent, since Trekrezan, due to the activation of cellular and humoral immunity, leads to decrease in intoxication, provides strengthening of immunity, and increases the body's resistance to unfavorable factors of medium

Arachnoentomoses of domestic carnivores and effectiveness of insacar total in dogs otodectosis

The research analyzes the epizootological features of arachnomyioses of domestic carnivores of different species on the territory of cities in the Middle Volga region. With varying degrees of extensive invasion, this group of diseases consisted of sarcoptic mange of dogs, ear mange of dogs and cats, demodecosis of dogs, notoedric mange of cats and aphanipterosis of animals. The authors studied the seasonal, age and breed dynamics of sarcoptic mange of dogs, notoedric mange of cats, demodectic mange of dogs and aphanipterosis of cats. The authors established the peaks of invasion in arachnomyioses of various species of domestic carnivores, identified the most vulnerable age groups of animals to diseases. The analysis of the breed predisposition of animals to this group of diseases and the distribution of sick animals by sex was carried out. It is established that arachnomyioses are characterized by regional epizootological features. A new drug Insakar Total C, developed by the staff of FGBNU FNC VIEV RAS (Moscow) for ear mange of dogs, was tested. The research was carried out on dogs of the shelter for homeless animals "Paw of Help" at the Ulyanovsk SAU. During the test, it was found that Insakar Total C shows 100% therapeutic effectiveness in ear mange of dogs of moderate severity. The use of the drug, according to the instructions and instructions, completely frees sick animals from ticks- ear mange. The research was carried out with the grant support of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on catfish in industrial aquaculture

When growing fish in high-tech breeding systems, it is exposed to many stress factors. To reduce stress, we used spore forms of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, possessing probiotic properties. Two groups were formed, a control group and an experimental group that received probiotic microorganisms with feed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis to reduce stress in fishes. For this indicator points were selected — stress hormone cortisol and antioxidant defense enzymes. The research results showed that stress level assessed by cortisol in fishes fed with probiotic microorganisms is 2.8 times lower than in the control group. The use of micronucleus test to assess cytogenetic damage showed that against the probiotic microbiota background, the number of cells with fragmented nuclei decreases by 5.7 times. Antioxidant defense enzyme activity when using Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis increased, indicating activation of the defense system against oxidative stress. The obtained results demonstrated the high efficiency of the use of spore forms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis when growing catfish in high-tech fish farming systems. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-016-00127

Functional biologically active feed additive for breeding stock of fish

The work is devoted to the development and evaluation of the complex effect of a biologically active feed additive that meets the requirements of a functional feeding complex that ensures the regulation of physiological processes in the body of female breeding stock. In particular, influence of feed additives and its components on growth rate, quality of sexual products, reproductive process, embryogenesis, level of anomalies in the development of offspring, its growth potential was studied. The biologically active feed additive for the breeding stock included probiotic «Sporotermin», adaptogen «Trekrezan», vitamin-amino acid complex «Chiktonik». The hypothesis was tested that the developed feed additive, due to the peculiarities of its composition, is able to increase the growth rate of fish, optimize gametogenesis, reduce the level of pathology during embryonic development, increase the yield of larvae, increase their viability, reduce the level of developmental anomalies, increase survival and safety. The research results showed that the biologically active feed additive reduced the time of fish rearing, had a positive effect on the quality of female eggs and sperm in males, increased the quality characteristics of eggs, reduced the level of embryonic death during embryo incubation, increased the yield of larvae and their safety

Corrective effect of probiotics on the work of the fish body in industrial aquaculture

Abstract. The world community associates the solution of the problem of food security with the development of aquaculture. The search for means of intensifying the production of a complete and easily digestible food protein in aquaculture is an important and urgent problem. Recently, probiotics, which have long been in demand in medicine, have been used in aquaculture to improve health, accelerate growth and improve the quality of fish in aquaculture. However, the correct choice of a probiotic for aquaculture is not an easy task, since in the modern world a wide range of probiotic preparations is produced in various forms, the dosage of which for aquaculture needs has not been developed, as well as the dosage and duration of their use have not been developed. Meanwhile, the use of probiotics in aquaculture can be expected to increase the production of marketable fish of improved quality. Probiotics for aquaculture should be resistant to gastric juice, able to colonize the intestines of fish, interact with the normobiota of the intestine and suppress pathogens. These properties are possessed by the probiotic "Sporotermin". It consists of freeze-dried spores of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. The content of viable spores in the preparation is not less than 3x10/9 CFU/g. The research results showed that the use of the probiotic "Sportermin" in aquaculture has a healing effect on fish, normalizes the structure of intestinal and liver tissues, affects the leukogram, activates the immune response system, reduces the level of oxidative stress, activating antioxidant defense enzymes and reducing the level of malondialdehyde. The research was carried out on the instructions of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation