Efficacy of Enterprise Risk Management in Enhancing Sustainability and Financial Performance in the Solar PV Industry: A Conceptual Framework

As an alternative to fossil fuels, solar PV electricity can help mitigate global warming and improve the environment by lowering greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). More nations have developed programs to encourage the production and use of PV electricity, considering the potential of renewable energy for sustainable development. The government of Malaysia wants solar PV to be the primary source of renewable energy by 2030. To reduce global warming, renewable energy technology must be implemented more widely. However, the production of solar photovoltaic modules raises serious sustainability concerns. These concerns include using conflict minerals, toxicity, and limited supply or supply chain governance risks of rare materials. Even though solar energy projects are technically feasible, stakeholders still view the region’s initiatives as risky due to ongoing governance problems. Domains related to solar project deployment that involve installation, operation, and management are particularly susceptible to governance issues, such as a lack of accountability and transparency. Renewable energy investments upfront are risky and expensive. Risks in the solar PV value chain include subpar design and manufacturing decisions, inventory losses, quality problems during the execution process, and cultural and societal problems brought on by the absence of an effective risk management system. This study thus investigates how the implementation of ERM influences the company’s financial performance. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is a technique that regulates, and coordinates offset risks all over the firm to manage and integrate all risks holistically. As a result, this paper provides a conceptual and theoretical framework for how corporations use risk management to lower the cost of capital and improve sustainable development in the solar PV industry. The suggested theoretical and conceptual framework, supported by stakeholder and legitimacy theory, provides a foundation for empirically validating the entangled interaction between the relevant variables. It is advocated that measuring variables such as enterprise risk management, financial performance, and sustainability performance be based on previous research and frameworks and recommendations produced by major organizations. The purpose of this paper is to guide Malaysian solar PV companies in the implementation of sustainability and risk management. Keywords: enterprise risk management, sustainability, solar PV, financial performanc

Solar Photovoltaic Technology and its Impact on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance: A Review

To mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment, renewable energy sources hold significant potential to offer clean and green energy, and reduce carbon emissions. Utilizing solar power systems can ensure the generation of clean and sustainable energy, leading to reduced GHG emissions during the electricity production process. The adoption of solar energy systems has witnessed a remarkable surge in recent years due to the evident surge in demand for environmentally friendly power sources. There are multiple avenues for prospective research and development in the realm of solar power systems. Gaining familiarity with the requisite technology and its suitability for the diverse demands and consumption patterns is of paramount importance. In this context, the focus of this study centers around solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Solar PV technology is positioned to significantly contribute to global energy requirements, offering multi-terawatt capacity for clean and green energy. Notably, due to its well-established infrastructure and economic feasibility, solar PV technology emerges as an optimal choice for both small and large-scale projects. This study places a special emphasis on sustainability as a lens through which recent advancements in solar PV technology are examined. In a world where concerns about climate change mitigation and sustainability are mounting, solar PV technology stands out as a foremost source of clean and environmentally friendly energy, serving as a pragmatic solution for fostering sustainable development. Keywords: solar PV technology, ESG risks, sustainability approaches, solar power systems, sustainable energ

Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Syrian Pine Nuts

This investigation aims to determine the nutritional value and physical traits of Syrian pine nut kernels and shells over time. Furthermore, the pine nut's composition and nutritional content are assessed concerning the latest climatic conditions. For each prepared sample, chemical analyses were done in two and physical analyses in three replicates, all according to a completely randomized design. The Homs District Agricultural Development Cooperative provided the pine nut shell samples used in this study. The sampling was conducted in May and June, taking subsamples of in-shell nuts from 25 kg bags. Every year, 15 subsamples were taken from various bags, and 33, 35, and 38 aggregate samples were generated. The in-shell nut quality showed seasonal variations concerning cracked and defective nuts, with crack rates spanning from 21 to 46% and 3 to 5%, respectively. The composition of the pine nut kernel was determined to have the following proportions: carbohydrates 12.19%, protein 32.18%, fat 43.2%, ash 4.93%, water activity 0.412, and moisture 4.31%. The elements with the greatest abundance were magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. Additionally, kernels contain a high concentration of the minerals zinc and iron. The findings show that, compared to other Mediterranean pine nut sources, pine nut kernels cultivated in the Homs region are a rich source of several essential elements that positively impact public health

Investors’ risk perception in the context of efficient market hypothesis: A conceptual framework for malaysian and indonesian stock exchange

The advocates of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) theory postulates that share prices depict all the available information concerning its intrinsic worth. EMH espouses the Random Walk Theory i.e. future stock returns cannot be predicted based on past movement patterns. Contrary to that, there are believers of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) who have questioned the adaptability of EMH and argues that market efficiency and investor’s risk perception varies across time, thus, stock returns can be predicted through active portfolio management. Various Studies have argued on market efficiency debate for developed markets, however, limited studies have examined the same for emerging markets such as Malaysia and Indonesia, which are most volatile among ASEAN-5 indices. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to conceptualize the manifestation of efficient market hypothesis and investors’ risk perception in volatile markets of Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur Composite Index) and Indonesia (Jakarta Composite Index) by testing the 10 years (2010-2019) of daily, weekly and monthly data for the return predictability. The findings of this study will provide insight into stock market behavior to help investors to better strategize their portfolio investment positioning to reap the most efficient risk-based return

The Long-Run Impact of Information Security Breach Announcements on Investors’ Confidence: The Context of Efficient Market Hypothesis

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are the cornerstone for sustainable development, but if they are not appropriately managed, they will impede progress towards the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals. Among undesirable impacts, emphasis must be put on the risk of information security (ISec) breaches, as they pose a potential threat to businesses there. Especially for publicly traded firms, they could create a long-lasting influence on their financial performance and, thus, stock investors’ confidence. Following the efficient market hypothesis’s footsteps, previous studies have examined only the short-run impact on investors’ confidence ensuing to ISec breach announcements. Therefore, this study investigates the long-run impact of ISec breach announcements on investors’ confidence. Based on a sample of 73 ISec breach announcements during 2011–2019, this paper examines the impact on investors’ confidence, as demonstrated by long-run abnormal returns and equity risk of those firms. Using a one-to-one matched sampling approach, each firm’s performance is analyzed with its control firm over eighteen months, starting six months before the announcement, through twelve months after the announcement. Firms experienced a significant negative abnormal return of 15% to 18% during the twelve months following the breach announcement. In comparison, equity risk increased by 11% within six months before and after an announcement. This study can help investors, managers, and researchers better understand a long-term relationship between ISec breaches and investor confidence in the context of efficient market hypothesis

The Long-Run Impact of Information Security Breach Announcements on Investors’ Confidence: The Context of Efficient Market Hypothesis

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are the cornerstone for sustainable development, but if they are not appropriately managed, they will impede progress towards the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals. Among undesirable impacts, emphasis must be put on the risk of information security (ISec) breaches, as they pose a potential threat to businesses there. Especially for publicly traded firms, they could create a long-lasting influence on their financial performance and, thus, stock investors’ confidence. Following the efficient market hypothesis’s footsteps, previous studies have examined only the short-run impact on investors’ confidence ensuing to ISec breach announcements. Therefore, this study investigates the long-run impact of ISec breach announcements on investors’ confidence. Based on a sample of 73 ISec breach announcements during 2011–2019, this paper examines the impact on investors’ confidence, as demonstrated by long-run abnormal returns and equity risk of those firms. Using a one-to-one matched sampling approach, each firm’s performance is analyzed with its control firm over eighteen months, starting six months before the announcement, through twelve months after the announcement. Firms experienced a significant negative abnormal return of 15% to 18% during the twelve months following the breach announcement. In comparison, equity risk increased by 11% within six months before and after an announcement. This study can help investors, managers, and researchers better understand a long-term relationship between ISec breaches and investor confidence in the context of efficient market hypothesis

Assessing the implementation of sustainable development goals : does integrated reporting matter?

Purpose:This study aims to investigate the performance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia through their SDGs disclosure. In addition, it examines the impact of integrated reporting (IR) quality on the SDGs’ performance. Design/methodology/approach: Data are collected from an initial sample of Malaysia’s top 100 market-leading PLCs from 2016 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the research hypotheses. Finding: The results reveal an increasing trend in SDGs’ performance. Companies contributing toward the 17 SDGs grew from 14% in 2016 to 78% in 2020. On a priority basis, the average score of the five years showed that the Malaysian PLCs are paying more attention to SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth (53%); SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production (43%); and SDG 13 Climate Action (42%). In addition, the fixed effects regression analysis proves that companies with higher IR quality are more likely to provide better SDGs disclosure. Practical implications: This study provides insights to policymakers, investors and management on the vital role of businesses in supporting the SDGs’ achievement and how IR reveals a turning point in achieving the United Nations SDGs’ agenda. Social implications: This study provides a clearer understanding of the activities seeking to achieve the SDGs and the influence of IR on them. This opens the debate for future research. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is a pioneer in examining whether the quality of IR influences SDGs disclosure among large companies in one of the emerging economies in Southeast Asia in its early application stage