Effect of gibberellin on in vitro growth and biomass production of some soil fungi

Effect of different concentrations of Gibberellin was studied on growth of four species of soil fungi namely, Aspergillus oryzae, A. terreus, A. niger and Alternaria alternata. The hormone was applied singly in various concentrations. Increased growth rate and biomass production revealed significant values when treated with dilute solutions of Gibberellin at 15, 30 and 45 mgL-1 except A. terreus. Fresh weights and dry weight values were observed appreciably high when Aspergillus terreus was treated with 60 mgL-1 concentration of the hormone solution. The data on fresh and dry biomass revealed that the highest biomass increase was obtained for Alternaria alternata. Fresh biomass of Alternaria alternata showed 75% increase when treated with 45 mgL-1 concentration of hormone solution in comparison to control, whereas an increase of 77.8% was obtained in the case of dry weight. At 60 mgL-1,a significant fresh biomass suppression of 16.3% and 7.43% was observed for Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus oryzae, respectively. The highest loss for dry biomass was noticed in Alternaria alternata (33.33%)

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Sri Lanka's Election Strife Worsens Post-War Woes

For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a

Pakistan Elections: A Positive Step Toward Democracy

For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a

U.S. Response to Pakistan Floods is an Investment in Trust

For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a

Re-Setting Pakistan-U.S. Engagement

For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a

Institutional dimensions of regional development

Vol. VIII279 p.; 24 cm

Urban shelter and services : public policies and management approaches

x,220hlm.;bib.;indek

Decentralization and Development P: Policy Implementation in Developing Countries

--.319 hal.;21 c