Relationship between cancer characteristics and quality of life in the cancer patients under chemotherapy referred to selected clinic of Tehran university of medical sciences

زمینه و هدف: بیماران مبتلاء به سرطان دچار مشکلات جسمی، روحی و اجتماعی زیادی می شوند که این مشکلات باعث اختلال در روند طبیعی زندگی و کیفیت آن می گردد. لذا با توجه به اینکه در جامعه ما به مفهوم کیفیت زندگی و عوامل مرتبط با آن از جمله درد، خستگی وغیره در بیماران سرطانی کمتر پرداخته شده است شناخت این عوامل به پرستاران کمک می کند تا فعالیت های خود را در جهت ارتقاء سطح سلامت و بهبود کیفیت زندگی بیماران سازماندهی نمایند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی از نوع ارتباطی است که به منظور بررسی ارتباط بین ویژگی های سرطان و کیفیت زندگی در بیماران سرطانی تحت شیمی درمانی مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه منتخب انکولوژی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران صورت گرفته است. روش مطالعه: در این تحقیق 200 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به انواع سرطان (تومورهای توپر)که به منظور شیمی درمانی به درمانگاه منتخب انکولوژی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران مراجعه نموده بودند بصورت نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده ها از طریق مصاحبه، گزارش خود بیمار و مراجعه به پرونده بیمار انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات بر اساس پرسشنامه Qol-BC ( (Quality of Breast Cancerبود که توسط پژوهشگر تعدیل شده است. جهت دستیابی به اهداف از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده شده و جهت تعیین ارتباط آماری از آزمون کای دو استفاده شده است. نتایج: یافته ها نشان داد اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش 35 مبتلاء به سرطان گوارش، 5/35 بیماران در مرحله 3 بیماری، در 5/61 طول مدت بیماری از زمان تشخیص کمتر از یکسال، 41 دارای شدت درد خفیف بودند، 91 بیماری خود را قبول داشتند، 5/84 کاهش یا از دست دادن عملکرد اعضاء بدن از زمان بیماری داشتند و 5/69 شدت خستگی متوسط داشته اند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش بیانگرآن بود که کیفیت زندگی اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش (66) متوسط بوده است در رابطه با ارتباط ویژگی های سرطان با کیفیت زندگی نتایج نشان داد که بین نوع سرطان (05/0

Type and Rate of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in the Orthopedic Patients Underwent Elective Surgeries in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postoperative infection has been one of the most frequent problems in orthopedics that the prescription of antibiotics to prevent surgical infection is an effective strategy to reduce infections after surgery.The aim of this study was investigating type and amount of prophylactic antibiotics used in the orthopedic cases administered in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, northern Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 traumatic and non-traumatic patients underwent elective orthopedic surgeries and received antibiotic prophylaxis during 2015-2016. The necessary data were collected from the patients' records using a predesigned checklist. This checklist consisted of demographic information, type and mechanism of trauma and information related to prophylaxis (name of antibiotic, dosage, administration method, time to start prophylaxis, administration intervals and overall prophylaxis duration). FINDINGS: Out of 450 patients, 300 (66.7%) were male and others were female. The mean age was 42.37±21.53. The most commonly used antibiotic was cefazolin (n=437, 97.3%) and gentamycin (n=276, 62%), and the lowest was amikacin (n=8, 1.8%). Mean duration of use was 4.92±1.8 days, ranging from 1 to 15 days. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the use of prophylactic antibiotics is high and they should be administered with more precise control. The most commonly used antibiotic for prophylaxis was cefazolin and the least was amikacin

Microdust impact on leaf gas exchange parameters in oak species of Northern Zagros forests, west of Iran

In recent years, the microdust phenomenon has greatly changed in concentration, duration and continuity as well as the frequency of occurrence in comparison with dust storms in the past which has caused a great deal of concern. Microdust is one of the most devastating factors in the environment threatening all animal and plant species. Regarding to the microdust impending threat, its ecological and economic impacts on scarce species is critical. Zagros forests act as an intrinsic filter for microdust in the western region of Iran. This study investigates the effect of microdust on oak, the most important tree in the Zagros forests. So that, three-year old seedlings of three oak species (Quercus branti, Q. libni and Q. infectoria) were exposed to microdust under natural conditions during spring and summer 2016. We examined the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2, mesophyll conductance, water use efficiency in control and treated plants. The results indicated that microdust had a significant impact on the examined parameters of the three oak species (P≤0.01). The gas exchange and photosynthetic rates of the treated plants were significantly reduced. In Q. infectoria, microdust had the greatest impact on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf internal CO2, transpiration and mesophyll conductance. Accordingly, microdust had a substantial influence on photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance in Q. brantii as well as the leaf internal CO2 and mesophyll conductance in Q. libani. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that microdust can disrupt the physiological activities of the examined species. Hence, continuous - exposure to microdust will accelerate the process of destruction of these forests

Utjecaj izloženosti 1,6-heksametilen diizocijanatu (HDI) na vršni ekspiratorni protok u autolakirera u Iranu

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) on peak flowmetry in automobile body paint shop workers in Iran. We studied a population of 43 car painters exposed to HDI at their workplaces. Peak expiratory fl ow was tested for one working week, from the start to the end of each shift. Air was sampled and HDI analysed in parallel, according to the OSHA 42 method. Daily and weekly HDI exposure averages were (0.42±0.1) mg m-3 and (0.13±0.05) mg m-3, respectively. On painting days, 72 % of workers showed more than a 10 % variation in peak expiratory fl ow. Inhalation exposure exceeded the threshold limit value (TLV) ten times over. This strongly suggests that HDI affected the peak fl owmetry in the studied workers.Cilj je ovog ispitivanja bio utvrditi vršni protok u 43 iranska autolakirera profesionalno izložena 1,6-heksametilen diizocijanatu (HDI). Vršni ekspiratorni protok testiran je tjedan dana na početku i kraju svake smjene. Uzorkovanje i mjerenje HDI-ja u zraku radilo se istodobno s testiranjem vršnoga protoka, prema metodi OSHA 42. Prosječna dnevna izloženost radnika HDI-ju iznosila je (0.42±0.1) mg m-3, a tjedna (0.13±0.05) mg m-3. U 72 % radnika vršni ekspiratorni protok tijekom dana varirao je više od 10 %. Radnici su udisali deset puta više razine HDI-ja od graničnih te je moguće da je HDI utjecao na mjerenja plućne funkcije

Comparison of atracurium and methocarbamol for preventing succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculation: A randomized controlled trial

Fasciculation is a minor adverse effect of succinylcholine and may be an unpleasant experience for patient. The aim of this study was to compare the use of atracurium and methocarbamol to decrease the occurrence and severity of succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculation. Fifty-nine adults with American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II hospitalized for elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (n = 29) who received succinylcholine 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) intravenously followed by 0.2-0.5 mg/kg BW atracurium and patients in Group B (n= 29) who received succinylcholine 1 mg/kg BW intravenously followed by methocarbamol 0.2-0.5 mg/kg BW. Anesthesia was induced in all patients with thiopental sodium 3-5 mg/kg. Fasciculation was scored on a four-point (0-4) Likert scale. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic variables between two groups, whereas in Group A, 27 patients (93.1%) suffered from mild fasciculation and two (6.9%) from moderate fasciculation. In Group B, twenty patients (68.9%) suffered from mild fasciculation, five (17.2%) from moderate fasciculation, and four (13.9%) from severe fasciculation. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Atracurium is more effective than methocarbamol in decreasing the occurrence and severity of succinylcholine-induced fasciculations. In addition, the use of methocarbamol before succinylcholine administration can decrease the incidence of severe fasciculation