The effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises on glucose homeostasis and serum HS-CRP in overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls

Background: Obesity disturbs glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a concurrent aerobic and resistance training on glucose homeostasis and high-sensitive serum C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) in overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group performed an aerobic exercise training program consisted of 3 sessions per week and each session of 90 minutes for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, HS-CRP and anxiety were measured before and after 8 weeks of the exercise program. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of the concurrent exercise caused a significant decrease in glucose (P=0.02), insulin (P=0.02), insulin resistance (P=0.05) and anxiety (P=0.02) compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in HS-CRP (P>0.05). Conclusion: The concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises can be used to improve the blood glucose homeostasis and decrease anxiety in overweight and obese adolescent girls

A one-dimensional model for variations of longitudinal wave velocity under different thermal conditions

Ultrasonic testing is a versatile and important nondestructive testing method. In many industrial applications, ultrasonic testing is carried out at relatively high temperatures. Since the ultrasonic wave velocity is a function of the workpiece temperature, it is necessary to have a good understanding of how the wave velocity and test piece temperature are related. In this paper, variations of longitudinal wave velocity in the presence of a uniform temperature distribution or a thermal gradient is studied using one-dimensional theoretical and numerical models. The numerical model is based on finite element analysis. A linear temperature gradient is assumed and the length of the workpiece and the temperature of the hot side are considered as varying parameters. The workpiece is made of st37 steel, its length is varied in the range of 0.04-0.08 m and the temperature of the hot side is changed from 400 K to 1000 K. The results of the theoretical model are compared with those obtained from the finite element model (FEM) and very good agreement is observed.</span

Influence of Moderate and Severe Exercise on Memory Formation and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Male Wistar Rat

Introduction: Recent researchers have showed that regular exercise induces positive effects on cognitive functions. Exercise intensity and timing of cognitive assessment may have an interactive effect on cognitive changes. Previous researches suggest that moderate intensity treadmill running has the most consistent benefit to cognitive function. In contrast, studies find positive, negative, or null effects to cognitive function after high intensity treadmill running. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the cognitive effects of intensity treadmill running protocol 1 (Low intensity), protocol 2 (Moderate intensity) and protocol 1 plus 2 (High intensity).Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7 in each group) including: sedentary (Non-exercise), protocol 1, protocol 2, and combination of protocol 1 and 2. Step-through passive avoidance and elevated-plus maze apparatus have been used to test parameters of passive avoidance learning and anxiety-like behaviors.Results: These findings showed that combination of both protocols (Protocol 1 with protocol 2) decreased step-through latency in the passive avoidance apparatus indicating memory impairment [P&lt;0.05]. Moreover, the data revealed that different protocols for exercises did not alter %OAT [P&lt;0.001], %OAE %OAT [P&gt;0.05] and locomotor activity %OAT [P&lt;0.05] compared to control group but not others.Conclusion: High intensity exercise not only induced beneficial effect but also impaired memory formation. 

The Effect of Combined Exercises and Tribulus Supplement on Sex Hormones Estrogen, Testosterone, and the Testosterone to Cortisol Ratio in Overweight Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: Physical exercises, in conjunction with Tribulus supplementation, can serve as an alternative to prevent complications associated with menopause. This study investigated the impact of combined exercises and Tribulus supplementation on the sex hormones estrogen, testosterone, and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio in overweight postmenopausal women.Methods: In this study, 60 inactive postmenopausal women were selected based on voluntary entry criteria and were randomly divided into four groups of 15 individuals: combined exercise, supplement, combined exercise with supplement, and control. The combined training consisted of 10 weeks of aerobic and resistance training. The participants took a Tribulus supplement in the form of 500 mg capsules twice a day for ten weeks. The estradiol, cortisol, testosterone, and testosterone-to-cortisol ratios were measured before and after the training protocol. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 software and repeated measures analysis of variance test.Results: The results showed a significant decrease in cortisol levels in the three experimental groups (P=0.001). There was also a significant increase in the total testosterone-to-cortisol ratio among the three experimental groups and the control group (P=0.001). This significant increase was also observed between the exercise and supplement group (P=0.001) and between the supplement group and the combined exercise + supplement group (P=0.001). No significant difference was observed in follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is possible to use combined exercises with Tribulus supplement as an effective intervention to improve sex hormones in overweight postmenopausal women

Study on environmental of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds culture with brackish water of Caspian Sea

Different studies on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) has performed in Iran, but less noted in water quality conditions. Water quality, in addition to creating optimal environment for the growth of vannamei shrimp, as well as cause the live food production and improve economic performance are produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality environment vannamei shrimp in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province) and in the Caspian Ecology Research Center. The results showed that the enrichment of water out of the ponds, can provide favorable conditions for water quality in the culture of vannamei shrimp with different densities. As a result, Mazandaran province environmental conditions (particularly temperature and salinity of the Caspian Sea) has perfectly suited for optimal growth vannamei shrimp. Therefore, vannamei shrimp (PL12) achieved a final individual weight of 21.1gr in a period culture of 85-day with a density of 35 ind/m^2. Also, The nutrients and water quality parameters (Temperature: 27.4±1.79 ° C, Transparency: 10.7±1.2 cm, Salinity: 10.57±0.78 psu, pH: 8.42±0.38, Dissolved Oxygen 8.04±1.35 mg per liter) were within normal limits during the culture period

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women

Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels

Сравнение влияния методов тренировки по двойной и плоской пирамиде на гипертрофию и мышечную силу пауэрлифтеров мужского пола

Background and Study Aim. Resistance training is considered as the most effective method to increase muscle strength and mass. The present study aimed to compare the effect of a double pyramid and a flat pyramid training methods on hypertrophy and muscular strength of male power-lifters. Material and Methods. Thirty students (age 21.40±1.71 years) were randomly assigned to three groups of double pyramid training (10 subjects), flat pyramid training (10 subjects), and the control trained by the traditional method (10 subjects). The experimental groups were trained three sessions a week for eight weeks whereas the control group continued their ordinary training program in the traditional method two sessions a week. Before and after the training, the muscular strength index was measured by bench press, leg press, and deadlift and the muscle volume was determined in their chest, arm, and thigh. Data were statistically examined by the analysis of variance and paired t test in the SPSS (ver. 21) software package. The significance level was set at the P&lt;0.05 level. Results. Significant differences were observed among the studied groups in the variables of bench press, leg press, and deadlift, as well as in the variables of arm volume, chest volume, and thigh volume (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05). Bench press, leg press, deadlift, and the volume of arm, chest, and thigh were increased significantly from the pretest to the posttest in all three groups (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001). Conclusion. A double and flat pyramid training period has similar positive impacts on muscular strength and volume of power-lifters.Предпосылки и цель исследования. Тренировки с отягощениями считаются наиболее эффективным методом увеличения мышечной силы и массы. Настоящее исследование было направлено на сравнение влияния методов тренировки с двойной пирамидой и плоской пирамидой на гипертрофию и мышечную силу пауэрлифтеров мужского пола.Материал и методы. Тридцать студентов (возраст 21,40 ± 1,71 года) были случайным образом разделены на три группы: обучение по двойной пирамиде (10 человек), обучение по плоской пирамиде (10 человек) и контрольная группа, обученная традиционным методом (10 человек). Экспериментальные группы тренировались три раза в неделю в течение восьми недель, тогда как контрольная группа продолжала свою обычную тренировочную программу по традиционному методу два раза в неделю. До и после тренировки измеряли индекс мышечной силы с помощью жима лежа, жима ногами и становой тяги, а также определяли объем мышц груди, руки и бедра. Статистическую проверку данных проводили с помощью дисперсионного анализа и парного t-критерия в программном пакете SPSS (версия 21). Уровень значимости был установлен на уровне P &lt;0,05.Результаты. Значительные различия наблюдались среди исследуемых групп в переменных для жима лежа, жима ногами и становой тяги, а также в переменных объема руки, объема груди и объема бедер (P &lt;0,05). Жим лежа, жим ногами, становая тяга и объем рук, груди и бедер были значительно увеличены от предварительного теста к последнему во всех трех группах (P &lt;0,001).Выводы. Период тренировок по двойной и плоской пирамиде одинаково положительно влияет на мышечную силу и объем пауэрлифтеров.Передумови та мета дослідження. Тренування з обтяженнями вважаються найбільш ефективним методом збільшення м'язової сили і маси. Це дослідження було спрямоване на порівняння впливу методів тренування з подвійною пірамідою і плоскою пірамідою на гіпертрофію і м'язову силу пауерліфтерів чоловічої статі.Матеріал і методи. Тридцять студентів (вік 21,40 ± 1,71 року) були випадковим чином розділені на три групи: навчання за подвійною піраміді (10 осіб), навчання за плоскою піраміді (10 осіб) і контрольна група, навчена традиційним методом (10 осіб). Експериментальні групи тренувалися три рази в тиждень протягом восьми тижнів, тоді як контрольна група продовжувала свою звичайну тренувальну програму за традиційним методом два рази в тиждень. До і після тренування вимірювали індекс м'язової сили за допомогою жиму лежачи, жиму ногами і станової тяги, а також визначали обсяг м'язів грудей, руки і стегна. Статистичну перевірку даних проводили за допомогою дисперсійного аналізу і парного t-критерію в програмному пакеті SPSS (версія 21). Рівень значущості був встановлений на рівні P &lt;0,05.Результати. Значні відмінності спостерігалися серед досліджуваних груп в змінних для жиму лежачи, жиму ногами і станової тяги, а також в змінних обсягу руки, об'єму грудей і обсягу стегон (P &lt;0,05). Жим лежачи, жим ногами, станова тяга і обсяг рук, грудей і стегон були значно збільшені від попереднього тесту до останнього у всіх трьох групах (P &lt;0,001).Висновки. Період тренувань за подвійною і плоскою піраміді однаково позитивно впливає на м'язову силу і обсяг пауерліфтерів

The effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises on glucose homeostasis and serum HS-CRP in overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls

Background: Obesity disturbs glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a concurrent aerobic and resistance training on glucose homeostasis and high-sensitive serum C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) in overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group performed an aerobic exercise training program consisted of 3 sessions per week and each session of 90 minutes for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, HS-CRP and anxiety were measured before and after 8 weeks of the exercise program. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of the concurrent exercise caused a significant decrease in glucose (P=0.02), insulin (P=0.02), insulin resistance (P=0.05) and anxiety (P=0.02) compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in HS-CRP (P>0.05). Conclusion: The concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises can be used to improve the blood glucose homeostasis and decrease anxiety in overweight and obese adolescent girls