A new operational matrix based on Bernoulli polynomials

In this research, the Bernoulli polynomials are introduced. The properties of these polynomials are employed to construct the operational matrices of integration together with the derivative and product. These properties are then utilized to transform the differential equation to a matrix equation which corresponds to a system of algebraic equations with unknown Bernoulli coefficients. This method can be used for many problems such as differential equations, integral equations and so on. Numerical examples show the method is computationally simple and also illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method

Proportional-integral-plus control applications of state-dependent parameter models

This paper considers proportional-integral-plus (PIP) control of non-linear systems defined by state-dependent parameter models, with particular emphasis on three practical demonstrators: a microclimate test chamber, a 1/5th-scale laboratory representation of an intelligent excavator, and a full-scale (commercial) vibrolance system used for ground improvement on a construction site. In each case, the system is represented using a quasi-linear state-dependent parameter (SDP) model structure, in which the parameters are functionally dependent on other variables in the system. The approach yields novel SDP-PIP control algorithms with improved performance and robustness in comparison with conventional linear PIP control. In particular, the new approach better handles the large disturbances and other non-linearities typical in the application areas considered

Resistance To Change Among First Line Managers In Multinational Organizations In Malaysia

Dramatic changes in organization structure and culture have become an essence that more and more individuals and organizations are recognizing the importance of the way that they can overcome the resistance to change

Effect of Benomyl on Chitinase and β-1,3-Glucanase Production by Free and Alginate Encapsulated Trichoderma harzianum

On PDA-benomyl plates growth of Trichoderma harzianum was inhibited by 20 and 30 % at benomyl 1 and 2 μg/mL, respectively, and was completely inhibited at 5 μg/mL. In minimal synthetic medium (MSM) amended with different concentrations of benomyl (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 10.0 μg/mL), fungal immobilisation improved chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase production at low benomyl concentrations (1, 3 and 5 μg/mL). Further increase in the production of both enzymes was obtained by immobilisation at higher benomyl concentrations (7 and 10 μg/mL). Fungal immobilisation increased bound chitinase by 15- to 30-fold at 3 and 5 μg/mL benomyl concentration, respectively. However, no effect was obtained on the bound β-1,3-glucanase. Different benomyl concentrations (0.3 to 1500 μg/mL) had no significant inhibitory effect on the activities of free or immobilised chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. It could be suggested that either immobilised Trichoderma or immobilised chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase could be used in combination with benomyl to control plant pathogens

Very strong intrinsic supercurrent carrying ability and vortex avalanches in (Ba,K)Fe2As2 superconducting single crystals

We report that single crystals of (Ba,K)Fe2As2 with Tc = 32 K have a pinning potential, U0, as high as 10^4 K, with U0 showing very little field depend-ence. In addition, the (Ba,K)Fe2As2 single crystals become isotropic at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, resulting in a very rigid vortex lattice, even in fields very close to Hc2. The rigid vortices in the two dimensional (Ba,K)Fe2As2 distinguish this compound from 2D high Tc cuprate superconductors with 2D vortices, and make it being capable of cearrying very high critical current.Flux jumping due to high Jc was also observed in large samples at low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures. submitte

Postural Hyperventilation as a Cause of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Increased Systemic Vascular Resistance and Decreased Cardiac Output When Upright in All Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Variants

BACKGROUND: Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous condition. We stratified patients previously evaluated for POTS on the basis of supine resting cardiac output (CO) or with the complaint of platypnea or shortness of breath during orthostasis. We hypothesize that postural hyperventilation is one cause of POTS and that hyperventilation-associated POTS occurs when initial reduction in CO is sufficiently large. We also propose that circulatory abnormalities normalize with restoration of CO2. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight enrollees with POTS were compared with 16 healthy volunteer controls. Low CO in POTS was defined by a resting supine CO /min. Patients with shortness of breath had hyperventilation with end tidal CO2 photoplethysmography, and CO was measured by ModelFlow. Systemic vascular resistance was defined as mean arterial blood pressure/CO. End tidal CO2 and cerebral blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery were only reduced during head-up tilt in the hyperventilation group, whereas blood pressure was increased compared with control. We corrected the reduced end tidal CO2 in hyperventilation by addition of exogenous CO2 into a rebreathing apparatus. With added CO2, heart rate, blood pressure, CO, and systemic vascular resistance in hyperventilation became similar to control. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that all POTS is related to decreased CO, decreased central blood volume, and increased systemic vascular resistance and that a variant of POTS is consequent to postural hyperventilation