Online Implementation Of Imc Based Pid Controller In Batch Esterification Reactor.

Esterification is one of important process that operates in a batch reactor. Since the inherent nonlinear properties of this batch reactor, the control of such reactor to ensure an efficient operation remains a great challenge

Application Of Kansei Structure In The Design Process For Clothing

Traditionally user has focused much on the usability of products. Mostly in product development the influence of a product has on the user has been described through customer’s satisfaction (1). These measures say little about the interaction between user and the artifact. Future product development enhances the application of mass customization. The tendencies in product development make it likely that many future products will be functional and fulfill the customer’s needs. One task for product development in this context is to be able to capture customer’s considerations and feelings of products and transfer these emotional aspects into excellent product design. Functionality, attractiveness, ease in use, affordability and safety are all attributes that are expected by the users in their everyday product. As the increase of customers’ self-determination, the designers need gain an acute insight into their psychology cognizance and requirement to develop new products. In product development, Kansei engineering is a new approach which translating human feelings into product design. It has played an important role in the field of design

Batik through Creative Knowledge

Textiles play an important part in creating and reflecting the cultural identity of many cultures throughout the world. This can also clearly identify through batik designs and its usage. A characteristic of the culture of batik communities has been its tendency towards cultural appropriation. Much of batik designers engage commonly appropriate imagery and styles based on their environment, culture experience and cultural objects. Recently, the appropriate aspects of batik designs not only reflects the culture identity but as part of contemporary reality. The very fact that batik making has survived and developed as a form of modern arts and crafts which demonstrates batik’s potential for long term resilience. As we have seen, today’s batik owes a significant part of its fame to innovations and changes since the last century. This modern development of batik that has given birth not only increases our understanding of batik original traditions, however semantic values extent its artistic appearances. In this paper will consider several elements of creative knowledge among the indigenous communities who developed batik as product of identity. The ‘IK’ creativity is meaningful both tradition and modernity in batik designs as this creative knowledge may leads to sustainable the batik crafts in our contemporary lif

Strategi Pemantapan Budaya Industri dalam Seni Kraf Etnik Di Kawasan Desa Sekitar Sarawak

Seni Kraf Etnik memaparkan identiti budaya masyarakat Sarawak yang kaya dengan sumber alam dan penyatuan pelbagai kaum asli yang juga merupakan salah satu penyumbang kepada ekonomi di Sarawak. Daripada tinjauan rekaan dan pengaplikasian seni Kraf Etnik bukan sahaja menitik berat nilai estetika tetapi merupakan aktiviti yang menghubungkait peranan individu, kelompok masyarakat dan sumber alam semulajadi berpandukan nilai kepercayaan dan adat istiadat. Ia bermula dengan aktiviti sampingan keluarga yang tertumpu di kawasan desa persekitaran Sarawak dan berkembang menjadi industri kraf berkonsepkan Satu Dearah Satu Industri (SDSI) yang diperkenalkan oleh Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia. Terdapat beberapa kawasan desa yang giat dalam penghasilan kraf iaitu di daerah Serian, Sarikei, Sri Aman, Betong, Miri dan Limbang. Kajian ini lebih tertumpu kepada sejauh mana keberkesanan pemantapan strategi tersebut dan penerimaan penduduk desa di kalangan kaum asli dalam mempertingkatkan aktiviti sosio-ekonomi secara komuniti melalui industri seni kraf. Cadangan strategi pemantapan lebih menitik berat kepada peningkatan kualiti dan kuantiti yang merangkumi pengaplikasian teknologi dari peringkat bekalan bahan mentah, pengeluaran dan pegembangan pasaran serta penekanan aspek modal insan yang mahir dan berilm

Aspirasi seni kraf etnik di kawasan desa sekitar Sarawak

Masyarakat desa sekitar Sarawak majoriti adalah terdiri daripada kaum peribumi yang giat dalam penghasilan seni kraf etnik iaitu kaum Melayu, Orang Ulu, Iban, Bidayuh dan Melanau. Aspirasi kepada perkembangan seni tersebut adalah disokong oleh penyatuan kaum, sumber alam yang pelbagai serta ilmu yang diwarisi turun temurun. Daripada tinjauan rekaan dan pengaplikasian seni kraf etnik bukan sahaja menitik berat nilai estetika tetapi merupakan aktiviti yang menghubungkait peranan individu, kelompok masyarakat dan sumber alam semulajadi berpandukan nilai kepercayaan dan adat istiadat. Ia bermula dengan aktiviti sampingan keluarga yang tertumpu di kawasan desa persekitaran Sarawak dan berkembang menjadi industri kraf berkonsepkan Satu Dearah Satu Industri (SDSI) yang diperkenalkan oleh Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia. Terdapat beberapa kawasan desa yang giat dalam penghasilan kraf iaitu di daerah Serian, Sarikei, Sri Aman, Betong, Miri dan Limbang. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi kepada nilai seni kraf etnik sebagai aspirasi kepada perkembangan kraf tersebut untuk lebih berdaya saing dalam mempertingkatkan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat des

Sb2Te3 crystal a potential absorber material for broadband photodetector: a first-principles study

Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3), a layered semiconductor material, is considered a promising absorbing material for a high-performance optoelectronic device within broadband wavelengths because of remarkable features like strong optical absorbance and the narrow direct band gap. In this work, based on the first-principles approach, we investigate in detail the structural, electronic and optical properties of the hexagonal Sb2Te3 compound. The structural and electronic properties were computed using the first-principles approach, treating exchange–correlation potential with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, for accurate prediction of the band gap, we go beyond DFT and calculated band structure using GW correction. The optical properties, namely, imaginary and real parts of complex dielectric function, absorption coefficient, refractive index, reflectivity, extinction coefficient, electron energy loss function and optical conductivity are performed by quasi-particle many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) via Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The computed structural parameters are in good agreement with available experimental data. The obtained quasi-particle (GW) correction band structure show the semiconducting character of Sb2Te3 material with a direct band gap Eg of 0.221 eV, in agreement with previously reported value (Eg = 0.210 eV) while the projected density of states indicates (PDOS) that the p-orbital of Sb and Te atoms are responsible for material properties near the Fermi level. To our knowledge, our first reported calculations of optical properties, with the inclusion of electron-hole effects are consistent with available experimental measurements. Consistencies of our findings with experimental data validate the effectiveness of electron-hole interaction for theoretical investigation of optical properties