5,5′-Di-4-pyridyl-2,2′-(p-phenyl­ene)di-1,3,4-oxadiazole

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C20H12N6O2, the mol­ecules are located on centres of inversion. The complete mol­ecule is almost planar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.0657 (1) Å for the O atom. In the crystal, mol­ecules are stacked into columns elongated in the a axis direction. The centroid–centroid distances between the aromatic rings of the mol­ecules within the columns are 3.6406 (1) and 3.6287 (2) Å. Mol­ecules are additionally connected via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding

(μ-5-Carb­oxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ4 N 1,O 5:N 3,O 4)bis­[amminesilver(I)]

In the title compound, [Ag2(C5H2N2O4)(NH3)2], each of the two AgI atoms is coordinated by two N atoms from an ammonia mol­ecule and a 5-carb­oxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligand in an almost linear geometry, and by one carboxyl­ate O atom with a weak inter­action. The Ag atoms are assembled into a linear tetra­mer through Ag⋯Ag inter­actions. Each Ag tetra­mer is linked by four 5-carb­oxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligands, forming a puckered chain. The complex involves a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Investigation and Analysis of Present Situation and Educational Countermeasures and Cultural Needs of Farmers

The samples, from 21 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, 107 villages, 30 towns, are altogether 3,577. The survey found, the cultural demand of farmers is generally healthy and positive. What they need most are cultural knowledge of computer technology, disease prevention knowledge, legal knowledge to deal with disputes, migrant workers rights of women and children protection law, recreational activities are singing and dancing, favorite sports activities the first three are the small ball (table tennis badminton), major sports (basketball and volleyball football) and the short or long runs. And there are some differences in age, gender, and cultural degree of life state between these demands. Investigation and analysis reflect that, some activities already undertaken can’t meet the need, and some farmers on the surface needn’t culture, but actually reflect the lag of cultural spiritual pursuit. By contrast with sports, entertainment is more short of physical activity. Farmers’ favorite access to cultural knowledge is face-to-face teaching. However, the “information price ratio” of “three rural areas “ activities are lower than others. According to the problems, we put forward some strategic suggestions on software and hardware

INITIAL RESEARCH ON THE BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF THE TRIANGLE FIBROCARTILAGE IN HUMAN WRIST

Fibrocartilage in the wrist joint is a structure common to both distal radioulnar and wrist joint. It works to cache direct pressure between head of ulna and wrist bones and to disperse the load. The structure is susceptive to acute and chronic strain due to the stretch, pressure and shearing during movement. It is significant for further research on physiological function and injury mechanism of the fibrocartilage to obtain the biomechanical parameters and the relevant constitutive equation of it

4-Hydr­oxy-6-[(4-hydr­oxy-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro­phthalazin-6-yl)carbon­yl]phthalazin-1(2H)-one

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C17H10N4O5, the mol­ecules lie on twofold axes (through the ketone bridge C and O atoms). The dihedral angle between the two phthalazine rings is 52.25 (1)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules

METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER TREATMENT

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

The juxtamembrane and carboxy-terminal domains of Arabidopsis PRK2 are critical for ROP-induced growth in pollen tubes.

Polarized growth of pollen tubes is a critical step for successful reproduction in angiosperms and is controlled by ROP GTPases. Spatiotemporal activation of ROP (Rho GTPases of plants) necessitates a complex and sophisticated regulatory system, in which guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs) are key components. It was previously shown that a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, Arabidopsis pollen receptor kinase 2 (AtPRK2), interacted with RopGEF12 for its membrane recruitment. However, the mechanisms underlying AtPRK2-mediated ROP activation in vivo are yet to be defined. It is reported here that over-expression of AtPRK2 induced tube bulging that was accompanied by the ectopic localization of ROP-GTP and the ectopic distribution of actin microfilaments. Tube depolarization was also induced by a potentially kinase-dead mutant, AtPRK2K366R, suggesting that the over-expression effect of AtPRK2 did not require its kinase activity. By contrast, deletions of non-catalytic domains in AtPRK2, i.e. the juxtamembrane (JM) and carboxy-terminal (CT) domains, abolished its ability to affect tube polarization. Notably, AtPRK2K366R retained the ability to interact with RopGEF12, whereas AtPRK2 truncations of these non-catalytic domains did not. Lastly, it has been shown that the JM and CT domains of AtPRK2 were not only critical for its interaction with RopGEF12 but also critical for its distribution at the plasma membrane. These results thus provide further insight into pollen receptor kinase-mediated ROP activation during pollen tube growth