Genetic parameters and validation of microsatellite markers associated with iron and zinc in common bean

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos, avaliar o desempenho agronômico e validar os marcadores moleculares microssatélites (SSRs) ligados a loci de caracteres quantitativos (QTLs) para concentrações de Fe e Zn em grãos de feijão comum, para a seleção de linhagens superiores. Cento e dezesseis linhagens oriundas de duas populações ('BRS Requinte' × 'Porto Real' e 'BRS Requinte' × G2358) e cinco genótipos testemunhas foram avaliadas em três ambientes. Os genitores e as linhagens foram genotipados com 20 SSRs. Na seleção simultânea das linhagens para os quatro caracteres avaliados, os ganhos com a seleção foram de 4,7% para concentração de Fe, 2,8% para concentração de Zn, 3,9% para produtividade e 0,9% para massa de 100 grãos. Desta forma, há possibilidade de seleção de linhagens que reúnam fenótipos desejáveis para os caracteres de interesse. O único marcador polimórfico é o BM 154 na população 'BRS Requinte' x 'Porto Real', o que indica que os QTLs ligados aos marcadores já podem estar fixados ou que os marcadores não estão associados nas populações utilizadas. A análise de mapeamento de QTL por marca simples mostra associação entre BM 154 e concentração de Fe em apenas um ambiente, a qual explica 14,5% da variação fenotípica, o que indica a presença de interação de QTLs com ambientes.The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters, evaluate the agronomic performance, and validate the microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs) linked with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Fe and Zn concentrations in grains of common bean, in order to select superior lines. One hundred and sixteen lines from two populations ('BRS Requinte' × 'Porto Real' and 'BRS Requinte' × G2358) and five check genotypes were evaluated in three environments. The parents and lines were genotyped with 20 SSRs. In the simultaneous selection of the lines for the four evaluated traits, the gains from selection were 4.7% for Fe concentration, 2.8% for Zn concentration, 3.9% for yield, and 0.9% for 100-seed weight. Therefore, there is the possibility of selection of lines that combine desirable phenotypes for the traits of interest. The only polymorphic marker is BM 154 in the 'BRS Requinte' × 'Porto Real' population, indicating that the QTLs linked with the markers may already be fixed or that the markers are not associated in the used populations. The single-marker analysis of QTL mapping shows an association between BM 154 and Fe concentration in only one environment, explaining 14.5% of phenotypic variation, which indicates the occurrence of the interaction of QTLs with environments

Potential of hybrids among elite clones of eucalypt by microsatellite markers

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial dos marcadores microssatélites em predizer o comportamento dos híbridos entre clones-elite de eucalipto da empresa Aracruz Celulose. Foram utilizados 21 clones-elite, cruzados conforme o esquema de dialelo balanceado. Os 137 híbridos obtidos, além dos 21 pais e 11 híbridos repetidos, foram avaliados em três locais: Aracruz, São Mateus e Caravelas, em delineamento de blocos incompletos 13x13 com 40 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas de uma planta, espaçadas 3x3 m. Os caracteres circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) e densidade básica da madeira foram avaliados aos dois anos de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise dialélica e, posteriormente, foi obtida a correlação entre a divergência genética dos genitores, obtida por meio dos marcadores microssatélites, e as estimativas dos parâmetros do dialelo. A divergência genética apresentou coeficientes de correlação significativos apenas com a capacidade específica de combinação para CAP e com a média dos híbridos para CAP. A predição por meio de marcadores microssatélites possui baixa precisão para poder ser utilizada em substituição aos cruzamentos dialélicos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of microsatellite markers to predict the performance of hybrids among elite clones of eucalypt from Aracruz Celulose. Twenty one elite clones were crossed in a full-diallel mating scheme. One hundred and thirty seven hybrids, 21 parents and 11 repeated hybrids were evaluated in three sites: Aracruz, São Mateus and Caravelas, in an experimental design of incomplete blocks 13x13 with 40 replicates, comprising single plant plot and spaced 3x3 m. The characters evaluated were the circumference at breast height (CBH) and the wood basic density, two years after the planting. Means were submitted to diallel analysis and, later, the correlation between the genetic divergence of parents by microsatellite markers and the estimative of diallel parameters were obtained. The genetic divergence was correlated with the specific combining ability to CBH height and with the means of hybrids to the same character. The other coefficients of correlation with the genetic divergence were not significantly different from zero. The prediction by microsatellite markers is of little accuracy to be utilized in place of diallel estimates

PERFORMANCE OF ‘NANICÃO JANGADA’ BANANA PLANTS INTERCROPPED WITH WINTER COVER CROPS

ABSTRACT The use of cover crops species may be an important strategy in the pursuit of sustainability of agroecosystems, considering benefits to soil, such as improvements of physical and chemical characteristics, and weed control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops and other soil managements on chemical soil properties, on the cycle, on the production of the first cycle and on the fruit quality of banana cv. Nanicão Jangada in Andirá – PR, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial. Planting of banana suckers from the grower area occurred in the first half of March 2011, with a spacing of 2.40 m between rows and 1.90 m between plants. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four replications and six plants per plot. The six treatments were: black oat (Avenastrigosa Schreb), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus), consortium of black oat and forage turnip, chicken litter, residues of banana plants, and bare ground. The evaluations were vegetative development and life cycle of banana plants, yield and quality of fruits, soil chemical characterstics, and fresh and dry mass of green manures. The results were submitted to ANOVA (F Test), and Tukey test at 5 % probability. Black oat and black oat with forage turnip consortium were superior in biomass production. Systems of soil management had no effect on the variables, except in the periods between planting and flowering and between planting and harvest, which were shorter in the treatment of soil management with crop residues, longer in the treatment with forage turnip, and intermediate in the other treatments

PERFORMANCE OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AND PLANT POPULATIONS

This study aimed to identify the most suitable plant populations, considering different environmental conditions, to express the yield potential of common bean cultivars released or in the process of releasing for regions not included in the initial release. Forty-four experiments were carried out from November 2016 to March 2019, encompassing wet, dry, and winter seasons, across the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Five plant populations established at sowing (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 plants m⁻²) were compared in a randomized block design with four replications, using the cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai. Across winter season experiments, the BRS FC310 cultivar consistently displayed higher yield than the others at all plant populations. In contrast, the BRSMG Uai cultivar exhibited the highest yield during the wet season. The maximum grain yields of the three cultivars were higher in the wet than in the winter season and obtained with higher plant populations. Cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai maximized grain yield with, respectively, 28.4, 25.4, and 26.2 plants m⁻² at harvest time in the wet season, and 20.4, 14.0, and 15.2 plants m⁻² in the winter season.O estudo teve como objetivo identificar populações de plantas mais adequadas, frente a diferentes condições ambientais, para expressar o potencial produtivo de cultivares de feijoeiro recentemente lançadas ou em processo de extensão de lançamento para outras regiões não contempladas no lançamento inicial. Foram conduzidos 44 experimentos, entre novembro de 2016 e março de 2019, nas épocas das águas, da seca e de inverno, em Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Foram comparadas, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, cinco populações de plantas estabelecidas na semeadura, 12; 18; 24; 30 e 36 plantas m-2, usando as cultivares BRS FC310, BRS FC409 e BRSMG Uai. A cultivar BRS FC310 foi mais produtiva que as demais em todas as populações de plantas nos experimentos conduzidos durante a época de inverno e a cultivar BRSMG Uai foi a mais produtiva na época das águas. As produtividades máximas das três cultivares na época das águas foram superiores às observadas na época de inverno e foram obtidas com maiores populações finais de plantas. As cultivares BRS FC310, BRS FC409 e BRSMG Uai maximizaram a produtividade com, respectivamente, 28,4; 25,4 e 26,2 plantas m-2 por ocasião da colheita, na época das águas, e 20,4; 14,0 e 15,2 plantas m-2, na época de inverno