Efficacy of subsequent treatments in patients with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer who had disease progression under CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy

Background: There is no standard treatment recommended at category 1 level in international guidelines for subsequent therapy after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6) based therapy. We aimed to evaluate which subsequent treatment oncologists prefer in patients with disease progression under CDKi. In addition, we aimed to show the effectiveness of systemic treatments after CDKi and whether there is a survival difference between hormonal treatments (monotherapy vs. mTOR-based). Methods: A total of 609 patients from 53 centers were included in the study. Progression-free-survivals (PFS) of subsequent treatments (chemotherapy (CT, n:434) or endocrine therapy (ET, n:175)) after CDKi were calculated. Patients were evaluated in three groups as those who received CDKi in first-line (group A, n:202), second-line (group B, n: 153) and ≥ 3rd-line (group C, n: 254). PFS was compared according to the use of ET and CT. In addition, ET was compared as monotherapy versus everolimus-based combination therapy. Results: The median duration of CDKi in the ET arms of Group A, B, and C was 17.0, 11.0, and 8.5 months in respectively; it was 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 months in the CT arm. Median PFS after CDKi was 9.5 (5.0–14.0) months in the ET arm of group A, and 5.3 (3.9–6.8) months in the CT arm (p = 0.073). It was 6.7 (5.8–7.7) months in the ET arm of group B, and 5.7 (4.6–6.7) months in the CT arm (p = 0.311). It was 5.3 (2.5–8.0) months in the ET arm of group C and 4.0 (3.5–4.6) months in the CT arm (p = 0.434). Patients who received ET after CDKi were compared as those who received everolimus-based combination therapy versus those who received monotherapy ET: the median PFS in group A, B, and C was 11.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.047), 6.7 vs. 5.0 (p = 0.164), 6.7 vs. 3.9 (p = 0.763) months. Conclusion: Physicians preferred CT rather than ET in patients with early progression under CDKi. It has been shown that subsequent ET after CDKi can be as effective as CT. It was also observed that better PFS could be achieved with the subsequent everolimus-based treatments after first-line CDKi compared to monotherapy ET.Breast Cancer Consortiu

Assessment of prognostic factors and adjuvant treatment modalities in adult head and neck soft tissue sarcoma patients treated with upfront surgery

ObjectivesHead and neck soft tissue sarcomas (HNSTSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors. Surgical resection with negative margins remains the standard primary treatment for patients with HNSTS. The role of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) remains controversial. In this multicenter study, we aimed to demonstrate the real-world assessing prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant treatment modalities in adult patients with HNSTS treated with upfront surgery.MethodsWe included a total of 47 patients who underwent curative-intent resection of a primary HNSTS between 2000 and 2019.ResultsThe median follow-up was 29 months. The median age of patients was 51 years, and 66% of patients were male. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) of the study population was 31 months (range: 1.0-61.1 months), and the median overall survival (OS) was 115 months (range: 60.8-169.2 months). The univariable analysis revealed that treatment modalities showed a significant impact on RFS (p = 0.021); however, no difference was found in its impact on OS (p = 0.137). R0 resection did not showed impact on RFS (p = 0.130), but a significant association was found with OS (p = 0.004). In multivariable analysis, T stage of the tumor (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.834; 95% CI: 1.631-9.008; p = 0.002) and treatment with surgery and sequential RT and CT (HR: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.035-0.371; p < 0.001) were independent factors associated with RFS. R0 resection was independently associated with OS (HR: 4.902; 95% CI: 1.301-18.465; p = 0.019).ConclusionOur study revealed that R0 resection improved OS, and T3-4 stage of tumor was a negative independent factor for RFS in surgically resected HNSTS patients. The use of sequential CT and RT after resection was associated with a better RFS, which emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation of the treatment of HNSTS. Randomized prospective studies are needed

The importance of Microrna21 as biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide.The diagnosis of HCC patients remains difficult, especially early in the development of the disease, and yet early and accurate diagnosis of HCC patients is vital in order to improve prognosis. Promising biomarkers for diagnosis of HCC have been successfully identifiedin several studies. MicroRNA-21 is one of the oncogenic miRNAs which may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for HCC.Our aim in the study was to investigate microRNAs as a biomarker in HCC and to compare the most unique MiR-21 in the literature as a biomarker and prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: Ten patients diagnosed with HCC and ten healthy individuals of the same age and gender were selected as the control group. Six miRNAs (Let-7c, miR-1, miR-21, miR-29, miR-34, miR-335) selected and MiR 181 and miR 192 used as the endogenous control group. Results: MiR21 was upregulated and statistically important compared with the endogenous control miR181(p=0.041). In the ROC analysis curve, AUC was significantly high for Delta181CT miR-21 (0.778). The sensitivity and specificity values of Delta181CT miR-21 with an optimal cut-off value of -3.508564949 were 77.8% and 90.0%. respectively. None of six miRNA statistically important compared with the endogenous control miR192. Conclusion: MiR21 is important for determining as biomarkers at diagnosis of HCC.The current study was funded by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science and Industry, KOSGEB Antalya Directorate within the scope of the project entitled “MicroRNA kits in the early diagnosis of cancer” conducted by AGTC Özel Genetik Sağlık Hizm. Tur. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Grand Number: 0080785533

The importance of MicroRNA 29a as a biomarker in colon cancer

Introduction: Colon cancer (CC) has become one of the most common diseases in recent years.The incidence of (CC) varies greatly worldwide, depending on lifestyle, environment, and genetic causes. Endoscopy is invasive and expensive for early detection. Therefore, there is a need to develop reliable and non-invasive markers for the early diagnosis of CC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted attention as promising biomarkers in other cancers In this study, our aim is to determine whether miRNAs are biomarkers in the early diagnosis of colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with colon cancer and twenty healthy individuals of the same age and gender were selected as the control group. Four miRNAs (let-7g, miR-29a, miR-155, miR-200c) selected and MiR 181 and miR 192 used as the endogenous control group in line with their binding potentials and gene expression levels. They were measured with StepOne ™ Real-Time PCR. Results: mir29a was significantly high AUCs, thus the sensitivity and specificity values of was 100.0% and 64.3%. Common to all studies was MiR29a as sensitive and spesific like in our study. Conclusion: miR29a, is a hopeful miRNA in the early diagnosis of colon cancer, prognosis and treatment of the disease. Further validation studies are needed.The current study was funded by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science and Industry, KOSGEB Antalya Directorate within the scope of the project entitled “MicroRNA kits in the early diagnosis of cancer” conducted by AGTC Özel Genetik Sağlık Hizm. Tur. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Grand Number: 0080785533

The importance of MicroRNA 106b as a biomarker in gastric cancer

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignant disease worldwide, and it is observed 2-3 times more frequently in men than in women. It is important to make an early diagnosis in GC, by using screening methods such as serological markers and histological precursor. MiRNAs circulating in the blood have come to the fore in the early diagnosis of GC. In this study, our aim was to detect the most specific and sensitive microRNA by studying the microRNAs in the patient and control groups. Material and methods: Fourteen patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and fourteen healthy individuals of the same age and gender were selected as the control group. Three miRNAs (miR-34a, miR106b, miR-223 and miR 181 and miR 192 used as the endogenous control group in line with their binding potentials and gene expression levels. Results: Only miR106b was upregulated and statiscally important compared with the endogenous control miR181 for patients and healthy individuals (p:0.022). Conclusion: MiR-106b may have an important role in both the early diagnosis. Further extensive studies are needed.The current study was funded by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science and Industry, KOSGEB Antalya Directorate within the scope of the project entitled “MicroRNA kits in the early diagnosis of cancer” conducted by AGTC Özel Genetik Sağlık Hizm. Tur. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Grand Number: 0080785533

The miR125b as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of bladder cancer

Objective: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fifth most common cancer and the second most common urinary tract cancer in worldwide. BCa accounts for 3% of all cancers and is particularly common in developed countries. Material and methods: Eighteen of the 20 patients included in the study were male, 2 were female, mean age was 65.1±12.1(range:37-75) years. The control group consisted of 19 male one female, mean age was 60.3±11.2 (range:40-70) years. A total of seven miRNAs, let-7c, miR-155, miR-125b, miR-141 miR-145, miR 181 and miR 192 were evaluated in two groups. Results: MiRNAs of bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals were compared according to endogenous miR 181 and miR 192 Delta CT values, miR125b values of bladder cancer cases were found to be significantly higher than healthy controls.(p=0.021) In our study, miR125b, which we found specific and sensitive in endogenous controls, was compatible with studies in the literature. As conclusion, we emphasize that mir125b can be used as a predictor in bladder cancer compared with the literature.The current study was funded by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science and Industry, KOSGEB Antalya Directorate within the scope of the project entitled “MicroRNA kits in the early diagnosis of cancer” conducted by AGTC Özel Genetik Sağlık Hizm. Tur. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Grand Number: 008078553

The role of microRNAs as biomarker in pancreas cancer

Objective: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive cancer of the digestive tract Overall survival for patients with pancreatic cancer is poor mainly due to the lack of biomarkers that enable early diagnosis. Several studies have shown that miRNAs can act as potential biomarkers of PC. Our aim in this study was to investigate microRNAs as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of PC. Patients and method: Nine patients diagnosed with pancreas cancer and nine healthy individuals of the same age and gender were selected as the control group. Six miRNAs (let-7c, miR-34a miR-125b, miR-141, miR-145, miR-155) selected and MiR 181 and miR 192 used as the endogenous control group. Results: In our study, when compared with endogenous controls, Mir125b was found to be significantly upregulated, while Mir141 was found to be significantly downregulated. As conlusion; Mir125b and MiR-141 may have an important role inThe current study was funded by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science and Industry, KOSGEB Antalya Directorate within the scope of the project entitled “MicroRNA kits in the early diagnosis of cancer” conducted by AGTC Özel Genetik Sağlık Hizm. Tur. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Grand Number: 0080785533