Türkiye’de bulunan yoğun bakımlarda sabun, kağıt havlu ve alkol bazlı el dezenfektanı yeterli mi?: Phokai çalışması sonuçları

Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective infection control measures to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). Water, soap, paper towel and hand disinfectant must be available and adequate in terms of effective hand hygiene. The adequacy of hand hygiene products or keeping water-soap and paper towel is still a problem for many developing countries like Turkey. In this multicenter study, we analyzed the adequacy in number and availability of hand hygiene products.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in all intensive care units (ICUs) of 41 hospitals (27 tertiary-care educational, 10 state and four private hospitals) from 22 cities located in seven geographical regions of Turkey. We analyzed water, soap, paper towel and alcohol-based hand disinfectant adequacy on four different days, two of which were in summer during the vacation time (August, 27th and 31st 2016) and two in autumn (October, 12th and 15th 2016).Results: The total number of ICUs and intensive care beds in 41 participating centers were 214 and 2357, respectively. Overall, there was no soap in 3-11% of sinks and no paper towel in 10-18% of sinks while there was no alcohol-based hand disinfectant in 1-4.7% of hand disinfectant units on the observation days. When we compared the number of sinks with soap and/or paper towel on weekdays vs. weekends, there was no significant difference in summer. However, on autumn weekdays, the number of sinks with soap and paper towel was significantly lower on weekend days (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) while the number of hand disinfectant units with alcohol-based disinfectant was significantly higher (p<0.0001).Conclusion: There should be adequate and accessible hand hygiene materials for effective hand hygiene. In this study, we found that soap and paper towels were inadequate on the observation days in 3-11% and 10-18% of units, respectively. Attention should be paid on soap and paper towel supply at weekends as well

Rare but intriguing lesions of gastrointestinal tract: Parasitic infestations

WOS: 00034438680111

Gastrointestinal parasitosis: Histopathological insights to rare but intriguing lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

PubMed ID: 27136106Objective: Gastrointestinal parasitosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Definitive diagnosis is usually made by stool tests and/or serology but may require tissue evaluation. Although pathologists are usually familiar with common parasites, it is not well established whether the diagnosis could be suspected without seeing the “parasite” itself. Material and Method: Resection or biopsy specimens of 32 cases with Giardia intestinalis (n=20), Enterobius vermicularis (n=5), Entamoeba histolytica (n=4), Fasciola hepatica (n=1), Strongyloides spp. (n=1) and Taenia saginata (n=1) infections were retrospectively re-evaluated for accompanying mucosal changes, and compared with nonparametric tests. Results: The most common changes were congestion (65.6%) and eosinophilic infiltration (50%). Chronic active mucosal inflammation accompanied 37.5% of the cases. More than 10 eosinophils/HPF were present in 43.8%. Only one case of G. intestinalis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica, and F. hepatica showed more than 50 eosinophils/HPF. Mucosal architectural abnormalities were present in 34.4%. Granulomas, giant cells and Charcot-Leyden crystals were only seen accompanying F. hepatica. No statistically significant difference was found between parasite subspecies regarding presence of inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, architectural distortion, congestion, ulceration and increase of eosinophils. Conclusion: Parasites induce nonspecific inflammation, slight mucosal architectural changes, mild eosinophilic infiltrate or granuloma formation. They may cause ulceration, bowel obstruction or perforation. Parasitosis should also be considered when evaluating cases mimicking inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease or those that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria. © 2016, Federation of Turkish Pathology Societies. All Rights Reserved

Increased osseous thickening of the inner surface of the frontal bone

PubMed ID: 26014004Aim: Increased thickening of the internal surface of the frontal bone (ISFB) was investigated, regarding possible pressure application to the brain tissue and the changes in bone marrow structure. Material and methods: Morphological analysis of the ISFB was carried out in a total of 300 adult skulls. Results: Type A, defined as normal appearance, has been detected in 243 cranium. In 57 cranium (19%), increased osseous thickening cases with different appearance were observed. The most frequent examples of osseous thickening were present in nodular types (Types B, C) and diffuse types (Types D, E), (29.8%). In fact, an irregular osseous thickening, which is in the form of plaques, was situated on both sides of the origin of sagittal sulcus. Types B and C were seen as small isolated nodules on the ISFB. In the histological analysis of ISFB, it is determined that the endocranium, normally present in a compact bone structure, changed its lamellar and had a nonwoven immature bone structure, in the areas with the characteristic of increased osseous thickening. The thickening of the diploe gap and increasing lamellar bone tissue in the endocranium revealed an increase in vascularization. Conclusion: The nodular and widespread form of increased osseous thickening could apply pressure on to dura mater and the brain tissue

An "unclassified" polyp of stomach

WOS: 00032390420017