Gene Polymormisms and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The prostate is a gland that surrounds men's urethra and helps to produce semen. In developed countries, prostate cancer (PCa.) is the second most common and lethal disease in men. Hereditary history of PCa. is a major contributor to this cancer? While a number of genetic and molecular changes have been reported in PCa, the general picture of the genetic aberrations is needed in Iranian population.Methods: In this study, a literature search from Jan. 2000 to June 2018 was performed through the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, IranMedex, MEDLIB, IranDoc and Scientific Information databases using the keywords “genetic polymorphisms”, “prostate cancer”, “Iranian, and compare with regional and international population”.Results: The results revealed that several genome-wide association studies (such as rs2070744 and rs1799983 in the eNOS, rs243865 in the MMP2, rs1902023 in the UGT2B15, rs266882 in the PSA, rs10625775443 in the GNB3, rs 1800682 in the FAS, rs12052398 and rs13393577 in the ERBB4, rs181133 in the MTHFR, rs 1805087 in the MTR, rs1805355 in the MSH3, (rs60271534 in the CYP19, rs2234693 and rs9340799 in the ER-a, rs4986938 and rs1256049 in the ER-b) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in important pathways (such as angiogenesis, androgen receptor binding site, cell signaling, folate metabolism, DNA repair, hormone synthesis and metabolism polymorphisms ) involved in prostate cancer occurrence and mechanism could serve as candidate biomarkers for the detection of PCa. The most important results of the all studied articles is summarized in Table 1 and 2.Conclusion: Several studies have been conducted on the family history of PCa. The main reason for this gathering is to inherit the involved genes. Additional studies are required to decipher precisely the gene combinations and personalize the management of prostate cancer. This article is the first comprehensive overview of genetic investigations of gene polymorphisms on PCa. in Iran.

Men's Health Week in Iran; the Discrepancy between Experts and the General Population for Educational Priorities

Introduction: With the obsoletion of the paternalistic model of the doctor-patient relationship, considering public opinion regarding healthcare policymaking seems to be of great necessity. The present study was conducted to determine the educational priorities of male urology specialists and the general male population concerning urological diseases. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 400 male urologists and 400 men from the general population were assessed. Our investigation was carried out using a seven-item questionnaire covering the most important urological conditions. Respondents gathered from all over Iran through the 22nd Congress of Iranian Urological Association (IUA) and street surveys. Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.69 ± 13.23. The mean age for the general population and urologists was 35.8 ± 13.7 and 45.6 ± 10.6 years, respectively (P=0.0001). 56.8% of the respondents from the general population had a university degree. Overall, erectile dysfunction and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were the most mentioned diseases as an educational priority (40.1%). Chronic prostatitis was also the least mentioned condition as an educational priority in both groups and overall among all the participants ‎ (20.9%). A significant difference was observed between the general population and urologists in all the examined conditions (P<0.05).  Conclusion: This study indicated the differences among the educational priorities of the general male population and male urologists, and the necessity to make these two points of view closer and to involve the opinion of general population in decision making for men’s health week educational topics. &nbsp

Satisfaction of Patients after Urethral Reconstruction

Introduction: Urethroplasty is one of the most common and important reconstructive procedures in the field of urology. In order to improve patient’s condition, medical man needs to be acquainted with this technique.  We aimed to evaluate quality of life and satisfaction of patients with Urethroplasty in the reconstructive urology department of Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, during 1995-2016. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort. Sampling was done by census method. The patients' demographic information, cause and duration of urethral stricture, type and frequency of procedures, daily fluid intake, urinary obstruction symptoms, the quality of marital relations, and the quality of life of patients before and after the surgery, were evaluated.  Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.6 years. 46.4% of the patients had moderate and more than moderate marital satisfaction after surgery, while this preoperative satisfaction was 48.2% (P>0.05). Patients' quality of work life and job satisfaction was significantly higher than before surgery (P=0.05). In 90.3% of the patients, urination status had no or little negative impact on their daily life after surgery. Also, 86.9% of the patients did not have weak urinary flow during follow-up. 88% of the patients were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery. Patients' satisfaction with their physical health after surgery was 82.1%. Conclusion: In general, it is inferred that Urethroplasty is associated with a high success rate and patient satisfaction, and also improves their quality of life

Urethroscopic Holmium: YAG Laser Ablation of Large Urethral Stone after Two-Stage Urethroplasty

Hairball in a urethral diverticulum has rarely been reported. These hairballs are usually formed in the diverticulum coated with a hair bearing epithelium and can lead to urinary obstruction or infection. Using laser is a safe way to ablate such stones

Overview on Wireless Sensor Networks

ABSTRACT Recent advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks Here we describe the three major aspect of wireless sensor network.WSN Applications, Routing and clustering. In the field of a wide variety in WSN applications we specifically introduce Environmental applications, Military Applications and SHM systems in health monitoring scope. The introduction of the routing protocols with the head topics of Flooding, Gossiping, EAGR, GEAR and REAR take place in routing section

The effect of CPR training on performance of nurses in selected hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2010

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به نقش حیاتی پرستاران در احیای قلبی-عروقی بیماران دچار ایست قلبی تنفسی، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تاثیر آموزش احیای قلبی- ریوی بر عملکرد پرسنل پرستاری بخشهای منتخب بیمارستانهای دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد در سال 1389 انجام گردید. روش بررسی: این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای نیمه‌تجربی است که در آن کلیه پرستاران شاغل در بخشهای ICU،CCU ، اورژانس، فوریت‌ها، لیبر و ریکاوری بیمارستان‌های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد به روش سرشماری انتخاب و قبل و پس از برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی، عملکرد آنان توسط چک لیست استاندارد شده ارزیابی و مقایسه گردید داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین سابقه اشتغال در اورژانس 2/2 سال و در سایر بخش‌ها 5/4 سال بود. در بخش سئوالات پژوهش نیز عملکرد واحدهای مورد پژوهش در ارزیابی سطح هوشیاری 6/11±8/81 درصد و در تماس با تیم احیاء4/11±53/81 درصد بود که پس از آموزش عملی به 100 درصد ارتقاء یافت و در مواردی چون استفاده از ماسک اکسیژن از 8/7± 9/42 درصد به3/8 ±25/56 درصد رسید و درخصوص کلیه سوالات در کلیه مراکز درمانی مورد بررسی، بین نمرات اخذ شده قبل و بعد از آموزش اختلاف معنی‌داری آماری وجود داشت (05/0

The effect of automated telephone system on the satisfaction of client in the Imam Ali polyclinic

زمینه و هدف: رضایت بیمار شاخصی برای ارزیابی خدمات است و سنجش کارآیی و کیفیت خدمات ارائه‌شده به مردم در بخش بهداشت و درمان از اولویت‌های مهم وزارت بهداشت است. به همین منظور این مطالعه، باهدف بررسی تأثیر استقرار سامانه نوبت‌دهی تلفنی بر رضایت مراجعین پلی کلینیک فوق تخصصی امام علی (ع) شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه تحلیلی- مقطعی در پلی کلینیک تخصصی و فوق تخصصی امام علی(ع) شهرکرد در سال1392 انجام شد. پرسشنامه رضایت سنجی استاندارد با بررسی700 نفر از مراجعین این مرکز قبل و بعد از استقرار سامانه نوبت‌دهی تکمیل گردید. اطلاعات توسط شاخص‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 16 مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین امتیاز رضایت مراجعه‌کنندگان در سال 1391، معادل 7/5±5/22 و در سال 1392 ،3/6±7/23 بود که تفاوت 2 سال ازنظر آماری نشانگر ارتباط معنی دار پس از استقرار سیستم مکانیزه نوبت‌دهی بود (002/0=P). شاخص‌های سیستم نوبت‌دهی، نحوه دریافت نوبت، مکان انتظار، نظافت و تمیزی کلینیک، برخورد نگهبانی، برخورد نیروی پذیرش و منشی، برخورد پزشک، نحوه ویزیت پزشک، رعایت حریم شخصی و انتخاب کلینیک برای مراجعه بعدی در مجموع 78 رضایت‌مندی بیماران را تبیین می‌کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: اصلاح فرایندهایی مثل نوبت‌دهی باعث افزایش رضایتمندی بیماران می‌گردد، لذا بررسی منظم و دوره‌ای میزان رضایتمندی بیماران و ارائه برنامه‌های عملیاتی برای رفع نارضایتی آنان می‌تواند منجر به ارتقاء کیفیت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گردد

Knowledge work difficulty factors: An empirical study based on different groups of knowledge workers

The determination of the difficulty factor in knowledge work can be important for improving the performance of knowledge workers. In this article a regression model for investigating the difficulty of knowledge based activities (KBAs) is proposed. Four factors are considered in the model: Uncertainty, Variability of information, Amount of information and Level of skill and expertise. An empirical study based on 119 jobs from three different groups of knowledge workers (i.e. managerial, professional and clerical) shows that there are significant differences between the difficulty of the KBAs in managerial, clerical and professional jobs, and that managerial KBAs are more difficult than the KBAs of the other two groups.  Furthermore, regression models indicate that Level of skill and expertise is the most influential factor in the difficulty of the KBAs in each of the three groups

Relationship between Religious Orientation, Anxiety, and Depression among College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Religious obligation helps people to develop mental health by creating internal commitment to special rules. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between religious orientation and anxiety among college students. METHODS: Major scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, ProQuest and PsycINFO were searched for original research articles published 1987-2016. A random effect model was used to combine Correlation coefficient. All analyses were performed using Stata MP. RESULTS: After screening of 7235 documents, 13 articles including 5620 participants met inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis. Correlation coefficient was -0.08 (95% CI= -0.19, -0.03) which indicated with increasing religious orientation, anxiety and depression reduced (P<0.001). Characteristics such as sex, geographic region, and type of religions were potential sources of heterogeneity. Based on fill-and-trim method the adjusted pooled r was obtained, -0.06 (95% CI= -0.16, -0.04). CONCLUSION: There was a weakness relationship between religious orientation and mental anxiety and depression. Therefore, it needs to improve knowledge of student about advantages of religious orientation. KEYWORDS: Anxiety; Depression; Meta-analysis; Religious orientatio

Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC