9,293 research outputs found
Synchronization of interconnected networks: the role of connector nodes
In this Letter we identify the general rules that determine the
synchronization properties of interconnected networks. We study analytically,
numerically and experimentally how the degree of the nodes through which two
networks are connected influences the ability of the whole system to
synchronize. We show that connecting the high-degree (low-degree) nodes of each
network turns out to be the most (least) effective strategy to achieve
synchronization. We find the functional relation between synchronizability and
size for a given network-of-networks, and report the existence of the optimal
connector link weights for the different interconnection strategies. Finally,
we perform an electronic experiment with two coupled star networks and conclude
that the analytical results are indeed valid in the presence of noise and
parameter mismatches.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. Main text: 5
pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material: 8 pages, 3 figure
Galaxy clustering with photometric surveys using PDF redshift information
Photometric surveys produce large-area maps of the galaxy distribution, but
with less accurate redshift information than is obtained from spectroscopic
methods. Modern photometric redshift (photo-z) algorithms use galaxy
magnitudes, or colors, that are obtained through multi-band imaging to produce
a probability density function (PDF) for each galaxy in the map. We used
simulated data to study the effect of using different photo-z estimators to
assign galaxies to redshift bins in order to compare their effects on angular
clustering and galaxy bias measurements. We found that if we use the entire
PDF, rather than a single-point (mean or mode) estimate, the deviations are
less biased, especially when using narrow redshift bins. When the redshift bin
widths are , the use of the entire PDF reduces the typical
measurement bias from 5%, when using single point estimates, to 3%.Comment: Matches the MNRAS published version. 19 pages, 19 Figure
Explosive first-order transition to synchrony in networked chaotic oscillators
Critical phenomena in complex networks, and the emergence of dynamical abrupt
transitions in the macroscopic state of the system are currently a subject of
the outmost interest. We report evidence of an explosive phase synchronization
in networks of chaotic units. Namely, by means of both extensive simulations of
networks made up of chaotic units, and validation with an experiment of
electronic circuits in a star configuration, we demonstrate the existence of a
first order transition towards synchronization of the phases of the networked
units. Our findings constitute the first prove of this kind of synchronization
in practice, thus opening the path to its use in real-world applications.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres
Finite-size scaling and thermodynamics of model supercooled liquids: long-range concentration fluctuations and the role of attractive interactions
Flavour constraints on scenarios with two or three heavy squark generations
We re-assess constraints from flavour-changing neutral currents in the kaon
system on supersymmetric scenarios with a light gluino, two heavy generations
of squarks and a lighter third generation. We compute for the first time limits
in scenarios with three heavy squark families, taking into account QCD
corrections at the next-to-leading order. We compare our limits with those in
the case of two heavy families. We use the mass insertion approximation and
consider contributions from gluino exchange to constrain the mixing between the
first and second squark generation. While it is not possible to perform a
general analysis, we assess the relevance of each kind of flavour- and
CP-violating parameters. We also provide ready to use magic numbers for the
computation of the Wilson coefficients at 2 GeV for these scenarios.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures; v3: matches published version (contains
improvements in the presentation and clarifications
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Digitally: Piloting offline payments for phones
Mobile payments support a range of services in many less developed countries including everyday payments, migrant remittances, credit, tax collection, and welfare benefits. These services depend entirely on the mobile phone network as their carrier, so they stop where the network does. This leaves millions of the very poorest people stranded - people living in remote areas where there is little to no network service. It also leaves urban users at the mercy of network congestion. We developed a prototype system, DigiTally, which lets users make offline payments by copying short strings of digits from one mobile handset to another. Offline payments are already used for electricity (both in prepayment meters and pay-as-you-go solar); can we extend them into a general-purpose payment system, to increase service resilience in the face of network congestion or outage, and provide service to currently excluded areas? We report the results of a preliminary study with an early prototype of DigiTally, tested on participants from a university in Nairobi (Kenya). The code-sharing process presented a possible usability challenge. To explore this and other aspects of an early prototype, DigiTally was introduced to Kenyan participants in order to resolve any major issues before a later field trial. We discuss the lessons learned from our field visits and initial evaluation; we hope that this contribution is helpful for researchers and policy makers interested in mobile payments and financial inclusion. We also present our findings and observations. We found that, although offline payments involve copying codes in both directions between the payer's phone and the payee's, the extra workload was acceptable to most users.This work was supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundatio
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