Hydatid Disease Involving Some Rare Locations in the Body: a Pictorial Essay

Hydatid disease (HD) is an endemic illness in many countries, and it poses an important public health problem that's influenced by peoples' socioeconomic status and migration that spreads this disease. Although rare, it may occur in any organ or tissue. The most common site is the liver (59-75%), followed in frequency by lung (27%), kidney (3%), bone (1-4%) and brain (1-2%). Other sites such as the heart, spleen, pancreas and muscles are very rarely affected. Unusual sites for this disease can cause diagnostic problems. This pictorial essay illustrates various radiological findings of HD in the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, peritoneal cavity, omentum, adrenal, ovary, lung, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Familiarity with the imaging findings of HD may be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis and preventing potential complications

Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma: Four Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Hemangioblastoma (HB) is a benign, slow-growing, highly vascular tumour of not well defined histological origin. These tumors make up about 1 to 2 percent of all intracranial neoplasms and occur primarily in the posterior fossa. Hemangioblastomas can occur sporadically but in about 20% to 30% cases, it is associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Four cases of cerebellar haemangioblastoma, not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (sporadic haemangioblastomas), were presented and reviewed the relevant literature.Four hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system were examined with haematoxylin and eosin (H and E), reticulin stain and with a panel of antibodies including CD34, vimentin, NSE, S-100, CD99, CD56, GFAP, cytoceratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD10. Of the 4 patients in this study 1 was male and 3 were female. Their ages ranged from 46 years to 60 years with a mean age of 54.75 years. All of them were as cystic nodules about 2-3 cm in diameter. In the histopathological examination, the tumors sections showed large and vacuolated stromal cells and numerous arborizing capillary-size blood vessels. Some tumors showed atypical nuclei. Vimentin was strongly positive both stromal cells and blood veessels in all tumors. In 4 cases of HB, some stromal cells were positive for NSE and CD99. Three tumors were positive for S-100 and CD56, two tumors were focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). CD34 immunostaining highlighted the arborizing and complex vascular network, whereas the tumor stromal cells were negative. The stromal cells were negative for epithelial markers such as cytokeratin, EMA and CD10. Ki-67 index was less than 1% of the tumor cells. Hemangioblastoma, a rare, benign tumors of uncertain histogenesis, is characterized histologically by the presence of vacuolated, lipid containing cells and a well developed, fine capillary network. The main histological differential diagnosis of HB is metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Additionally, because of the cystic mural features, pilocytic astrocytomas of the cerebellum must be separated from haemangioblastomas. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(1.000): 184-192

Effects of Urtica dioica Seeds on Oxidative/ Nitrosative Stress Levels and Myeloperoxidase Activity in Muscle Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of Urtica dioica (UD) on muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 27 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as the control group (1), I/R + saline group (2), and I/R+UD group (3). Group 1 did not receive any treatment. Group 2 was administered a total of 2mL/kg saline (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1 mL/kg after reperfusion), and group 3 was given a total of 2mL of UD (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1mL/kg after reperfusion) as treatment. Saline and UD were administered via intraesophageal canula once a day for five days. At the end of five days, all the rats were exposed to muscle ischemia for 60 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion of the bilateral hindlimbs induced using a tourniquet. Muscle tissue histopathologies were evaluated by light microscopy. Furthermore, oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (3-NT), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an inflammatory marker in tissue samples were measured. UD treatment significantly decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker levels and MPO (p<0.05). We established that UD treatment could alleviate muscle injury induced by muscle I/R in rats by inhibiting the inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress

A rare location and unusual development: Antecubital leiomyoma

Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms which are originated from smooth muscle cells. Leiomyomas rarely occur in the upper extremity. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of a leiomyoma of the forearm which occured after intravenous catheterisation in Turkish literature. Herein, we report such a case of antecubital leiomyoma in a 52-year-old man. The case is presented due to its rarity and the risk of tumor misdiagnosis. Leiomyomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary masses of the extremities

Expression of homeodomain protein CDX2 in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma

CDX2 is a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor that is important in the development and differentiation of the intestine. In this study, we examined CDX2 expression in normal and neoplastic human colon using a newly isolated monoclonal antibody. When compared to the intensity observed in adjacent normal mucosal epithelial cells, strong nuclear staining for CDX2 was observed in 10 (100%) of 10 colonic adenomas, 30 (88.2%) of 34 colorectal adenocarcinomas, including 17(94.47%) of 18 well-or moderately differentiated tumors and 13(81.2%) of 16 high-grade tumors. The percentage of CDX2 immunopositive cells was generally lower in carcinomas than in adenomas (p<0.001) and lower in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors (p<0.001). There was an inverse correlation between CDX2 expression and tumor grade, tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (respectively, p<0.001; p<0.05; p<0.001), but this was not associated with age, gender, or tumor location and size. These results indicate that loss of expression of CDX2 protein may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers. Down-regulation of CDX2 may cause dedifferentiation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells