228 research outputs found
Accelerating Flow Simulations using Online Dynamic Mode Decomposition
We develop an on-the-fly reduced-order model (ROM) integrated with a flow
simulation, gradually replacing a corresponding full-order model (FOM) of a
physics solver. Unlike offline methods requiring a separate FOM-only simulation
prior to model reduction, our approach constructs a ROM dynamically during the
simulation, replacing the FOM when deemed credible. Dynamic mode decomposition
(DMD) is employed for online ROM construction, with a single snapshot vector
used for rank-1 updates in each iteration. Demonstrated on a flow over a
cylinder with Re = 100, our hybrid FOM/ROM simulation is verified in terms of
the Strouhal number, resulting in a 4.4 times speedup compared to the FOM
solver.Comment: Presented at Machine Learning and the Physical Sciences Workshop,
NeurIPS 202
Race, Bureaucratic Discretion, and the Implementation of Welfare Reform
This paper explores the impact of the race of individual clients and of the local racial context on the implementation of sanctions for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in a Midwestern state. We find that although nonwhites are sanctioned at lower rates than whites overall, nonwhites are sanctioned more compared to whites in each local area. This paradox occurs because nonwhites tend to live in areas with lower sanction rates. Consistent with the literature on race and policy, we find that sanction rates increase as the nonwhite population increases until a threshold is reached where nonwhites gain political power
HierSpeech++: Bridging the Gap between Semantic and Acoustic Representation of Speech by Hierarchical Variational Inference for Zero-shot Speech Synthesis
Large language models (LLM)-based speech synthesis has been widely adopted in
zero-shot speech synthesis. However, they require a large-scale data and
possess the same limitations as previous autoregressive speech models,
including slow inference speed and lack of robustness. This paper proposes
HierSpeech++, a fast and strong zero-shot speech synthesizer for text-to-speech
(TTS) and voice conversion (VC). We verified that hierarchical speech synthesis
frameworks could significantly improve the robustness and expressiveness of the
synthetic speech. Furthermore, we significantly improve the naturalness and
speaker similarity of synthetic speech even in zero-shot speech synthesis
scenarios. For text-to-speech, we adopt the text-to-vec framework, which
generates a self-supervised speech representation and an F0 representation
based on text representations and prosody prompts. Then, HierSpeech++ generates
speech from the generated vector, F0, and voice prompt. We further introduce a
high-efficient speech super-resolution framework from 16 kHz to 48 kHz. The
experimental results demonstrated that the hierarchical variational autoencoder
could be a strong zero-shot speech synthesizer given that it outperforms
LLM-based and diffusion-based models. Moreover, we achieved the first
human-level quality zero-shot speech synthesis. Audio samples and source code
are available at https://github.com/sh-lee-prml/HierSpeechpp.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 12 table
A STUDY ON THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES
INTRODUCTION: Lots of studies to analyze and classify human movement patterns using various sensors have been carried out (Mathie, 2004; Allen, 2006) because accurate information of body activity is required to provide promotion of health and health plan. Thus this study was conducted to study the classification and monitoring of various sports activities in real-time environment using single waist mounted tri-axial accelerometer
Accelerating Kinetic Simulations of Electrostatic Plasmas with Reduced-Order Modeling
Despite the advancements in high-performance computing and modern numerical
algorithms, the cost remains prohibitive for multi-query kinetic plasma
simulations. In this work, we develop data-driven reduced-order models (ROM)
for collisionless electrostatic plasma dynamics, based on the kinetic
Vlasov-Poisson equation. Our ROM approach projects the equation onto a linear
subspace defined by principal proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes. We
introduce an efficient tensorial method to update the nonlinear term using a
precomputed third-order tensor. We capture multiscale behavior with a minimal
number of POD modes by decomposing the solution into multiple time windows
using a physical-time indicator and creating a temporally-local ROM. Applied to
1D-1V simulations, specifically the benchmark two-stream instability case, our
time-windowed reduced-order model (TW-ROM) with the tensorial approach solves
the equation approximately 280 times faster than Eulerian simulations while
maintaining a maximum relative error of 4% for the training data and 13% for
the testing data.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures typos corrected; references added; add one figures
for predicted solution fields; fix error in the legend of figure 1.b and
caption; add rebox in figure 1.a to indicate training data; add timing for
constructing the tensor in offline; add one more paragraph in section 3
Sirolimus- Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Coronary Bifurcations Results From the COBIS (Coronary Bifurcation Stenting) Registry
ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of patients treated with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) or paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) for coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundThere are limited data regarding comparisons of SES and PES for the treatment of bifurcation lesions.MethodsPatients who received percutaneous coronary intervention for non-left main bifurcation lesions were enrolled from 16 centers in Korea between January 2004 and June 2006. We compared major adverse cardiac events (MACE [cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization]) between the SES and PES groups in patients overall and in 407 patient pairs generated by propensity-score matching.ResultsWe evaluated 1,033 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with SES and 562 patients treated with PES. The median follow-up duration was 22 months. Treatment with SES was associated with a lower incidence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32 to 0.89, p < 0.01) and target lesion revascularization (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.97, p = 0.02), but not of cardiac death (HR: 2.77, 95% CI: 0.40 to 18.99, p = 0.62) and cardiac death or myocardial infarction (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.38 to 2.49, p = 0.94). After propensity-score matching, patients with SES still had fewer MACE and target lesion revascularization incidences than did patients with PES (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.91, p = 0.02, and HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.91, p = 0.02, respectively). There was no significant difference in the occurrences of stent thrombosis between the groups (0.7% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.94).ConclusionsIn patients with bifurcation lesions, the use of SES resulted in better long-term outcomes than did the use of PES, primarily by decreasing the rate of repeat revascularization. (Coronary Bifurcation Stenting Registry in South Korea [COBIS]; NCT00851526
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects toluene diisocyanate-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma
AbstractEpigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major form of tea catechin, has anti-allergic properties. To elucidate the anti-allergic mechanisms of EGCG, we investigated its regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-inhalation lung tissues as well as TNF-α and Th2 cytokine (IL-5) production in BAL fluid. Compared with untreated asthmatic mice those administrated with EGCG had significantly reduced asthmatic reaction. Also, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by TDI inhalation was diminished by administration of EGCG in BAL fluid. These results suggest that EGCG regulates inflammatory cell migration possibly by suppressing MMP-9 production and ROS generation, and indicate that EGCG may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma
Drug-Eluting Stenting Followed by Cilostazol Treatment Reduces Late Restenosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus The DECLARE-DIABETES Trial (A Randomized Comparison of Triple Antiplatelet Therapy With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Diabetic Patients)
ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the impact of cilostazol on neointimal hyperplasia after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).BackgroundAlthough cilostazol has reduced the extent of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis in patients after bare-metal stent implantation, it is not known whether this effect occurs after DES implantation in diabetic patients.MethodsThis randomized, multicenter, prospective study compared triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol, triple group, n = 200) and dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel, standard group, n = 200) for 6 months in patients with DM receiving DES. The primary end point was in-stent late loss at 6 months.ResultsThe 2 groups had similar baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. The in-stent (0.25 ± 0.53 mm vs. 0.38 ± 0.54 mm, p = 0.025) and in-segment (0.42 ± 0.50 mm vs. 0.53 ± 0.49 mm, p = 0.031) late loss were significantly lower in the triple versus standard group, as were 6-month in-segment restenosis (8.0% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.033) and 9-month target lesion revascularization (TLR) (2.5% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.034). At 9 months, major adverse cardiac events, including death, myocardial infarction, and TLR, tended to be lower in the triple than in the standard group (3.0% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.066). Multivariate analysis showed that sirolimus-eluting stents and the use of cilostazol were strong predictors of reduced restenosis or TLR.ConclusionsTriple antiplatelet therapy after DES implantation decreased angiographic restenosis and extent of late loss, resulting in a reduced risk of 9-month TLR compared with dual antiplatelet therapy in diabetic patients
Comparisons of Three Indicators for Frey's Syndrome: Subjective Symptoms, Minor's Starch Iodine Test, and Infrared Thermography
ObjectivesTo correlate Frey's syndrome with subjective symptoms, Minor's starch iodine test results, and infrared thermography measurements, and to discuss the utility of thermography as a quantitative diagnostic method.MethodsThis study included 59 patients who underwent unilateral parotidectomy. A subjective clinical questionnaire and an objective Minor's starch iodine test were performed to evaluate the incidence of Frey's syndrome. Infrared thermography was performed, and the subjects were divided into seven groups according to the temperature differences between operated and unoperated sites. The thermal differences were correlated with the results from Minor's starch iodine test and the subjective symptoms questionnaire.ResultsOf the 59 patients, 20 patients (33.9%) reported subjective symptoms after eating; 30 patients (50.8%) tested positive for Minor's starch iodine test, 19 patients (63.3%) of which reported subjective symptoms. Of the 29 patients who were negative for the iodine test, 2 patients (6.9%) reported subjective symptoms. Thus, subjective symptoms were well correlated with Minor's starch iodine test (r=0.589, P<0.001). As the thermal differences with infrared thermography increased, the number of patients with subjective symptoms increased (χ2=22.5, P<0.001). Using infrared thermography, the mean temperature difference in the positive group for the iodine test was 0.82℃±0.26℃, and that in the negative group was 0.10℃±0.47℃. With increased thermal differences, more patients showed positivity in the iodine test (χ2=29.9, P<0.001).ConclusionSubjective symptoms, Minor's starch iodine test, and infrared thermography are well correlated with one another. Quantitative thermography provides clues for the wide variation in the incidence of Frey's syndrome, and could be a useful method for diagnosing and studying Frey's syndrome
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