TNF-α antagonist attenuates systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced brain white matter injury in neonatal rats

Background Systemic inflammation is an important risk factor for neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes are main building blocks of white matter in preterm infants and vulnerable to oxidative stress and excitotoxic stress. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays important roles in systemic inflammation and local inflammation leading to apoptosis of premyelinating oligodendrocytes and white matter injury (WMI) in brain tissue. This study was conducted to investigate whether etanercept, a TNF-α antagonist, could attenuate systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced WMI in the immature brain. Results We found that intraperitoneal LPS administration caused systemic and local inflammation in brain tissue. Subsequent etanercept treatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in brain tissue as well as in systemic circulation. Intraperitoneal LPS also induced microgliosis and astrocytosis in the cingulum and etanercept treatment reduced LPS-induced microgliosis and astrocytosis. Additionally, systemic LPS-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells was observed, which was lessened by etanercept treatment. The concentration of etanercept in the CSF was higher when it was administrated with LPS than when administrated with a vehicle. Conclusions It appears that etanercept reduce WMI in the neonatal rat brain via attenuation of systemic and local inflammation. This study provides preclinical data suggesting etanercept-mediated modulation of inflammation as a promising approach to reduce WMI caused by sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2012R1A1A2044109 and 2017R1D1A1B03036383). The funding body played no role in the design and interpretation of the experiments

Postoperative occlusion of visual axis with fibrous membrane in the presence of anterior capsular phimosis in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a case report

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Abstract Background To report a case of postoperative fibrous membrane formation occluding the visual axis in the presence of anterior capsular phimosis in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Case presentation A 79-year-old Asian woman with pseudoexfoliation syndrome underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and implantation of one-piece hydrophilic acrylic square-edged intraocular lens (Cristalens) in the right eye. Two months later, she had blurred vision in the right eye with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40. Formation of fibrous membrane occluding the capsulorhexis opening with contraction of anterior capsule was observed, which was confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Clear visual axis was achieved by lysis of the membrane using Nd:YAG laser. The BCVA improved to 20/20. Conclusions Occlusion of the visual axis with fibrous membrane can develop in the presence of anterior capsular phimosis in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Comparison of NIV-NAVA and NCPAP in facilitating extubation for very preterm infants

Background Various types of noninvasive respiratory modalities that lead to successful extubation in preterm infants have been explored. We aimed to compare noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for the postextubation stabilization of preterm infants. Methods This retrospective study was divided into two distinct periods, between July 2012 and June 2013 and between July 2013 and June 2014, because NIV-NAVA was applied beginning in July 2013. Preterm infants of less than 30 weeks GA who had been intubated with mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 h and were weaned to NCPAP or NIV-NAVA after extubation were enrolled. Ventilatory variables and extubation failure were compared after weaning to NCPAP or NIV-NAVA. Extubation failure was defined when infants were reintubated within 72 h of extubation. Results There were 14 infants who were weaned to NCPAP during Period I, and 2 infants and 16 infants were weaned to NCPAP and NIV-NAVA, respectively, during Period II. At the time of extubation, there were no differences in the respiratory severity score (NIV-NAVA 1.65 vs. NCPAP 1.95), oxygen saturation index (1.70 vs. 2.09) and steroid use before extubation. Several ventilation parameters at extubation, such as the mean airway pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, and FiO2, were similar between the two groups. SpO2 and pCO2 preceding extubation were comparable. Extubation failure within 72 h after extubation was observed in 6.3% of the NIV-NAVA group and 37.5% of the NCPAP group (P = 0.041). Conclusions The data in the present showed promising implications for using NIV-NAVA over NCPAP to facilitate extubation.This study was supported by a grant from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund (04–2015-0430) and by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B03036383). The funders did not participate in the research, or in the preparation the manuscript

Factors associated with acute kidney injury among preterm infants administered vancomycin: a retrospective cohort study

Background Vancomycin (VCM) is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive microorganisms, with some nephrotoxic effects. Recent studies have suggested that piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) aggravates VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in adults and adolescents. However, there is a lack of research investigating these effects in the newborn population. Therefore, this study investigates whether the concomitant use of TZP with VCM use increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and to explore the factors associated with AKI in preterm infants treated with VCM. Methods This retrospective study included preterm infants with birth weight < 1,500 g in a single tertiary center who were born between 2018 and 2021 and received VCM for a minimum of 3 days. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of at least 0.3 mg/dL and an increase in SCr of at least 1.5 times baseline during and up to 1 week after discontinuation of VCM. The study population was categorized as those with or without concomitant use of TZP. Data on perinatal and postnatal factors associated with AKI were collected and analyzed. Results Of the 70 infants, 17 died before 7 postnatal days or antecedent AKI and were excluded, while among the remaining participants, 25 received VCM with TZP (VCM + TZP) and 28 VCM without TZP (VCM—TZP). Gestational age (GA) at birth (26.4 ± 2.8 weeks vs. 26.5 ± 2.6 weeks, p = 0.859) and birthweight (750.4 ± 232.2 g vs. 838.1 ± 268.7 g, p = 0.212) were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of AKI between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that GA (adjusted OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98, p = 0.042), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (adjusted OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 0.67–41.05, p = 0.115), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (adjusted OR: 37.65, 95% CI: 3.08–459.96, p = 0.005) were associated with AKI in the study population. Conclusions In very low birthweight infants, concomitant use of TZP did not increase the risk of AKI during VCM administration. Instead, a lower GA, and NEC were associated with AKI in this population

Dysnatremia, its correction, and mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: a prospective observational study

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Abstract Background Although dysnatremia has been reported to be correlated with mortality risk, this issue remains unresolved in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Furthermore, it has not been determined whether change in or correction of sodium is related to mortality risk in this subset. Methods A total of 569 patients were prospectively enrolled at the start of CRRT between May 2010 and September 2013. The patients were divided into 5 groups: normonatremia (135–145 mmol/L), mild hyponatremia (131.1–134.9 mmol/L), moderate to severe hyponatremia (115.4–131.0 mmol/L), mild hypernatremia (145.1–148.4 mmol/L), and moderate to severe hypernatremia (148.5–166.0 mmol/L). The non-linear relationship between sodium and mortality was initially explored. Subsequently, the odds ratios (ORs) for 30-day mortality were calculated after adjustment of multiple covariates. Results The relationship between baseline sodium and mortality was U-shaped. The mild hyponatremia, moderate to severe hyponatremia, and moderate to severe hypernatremia groups had greater ORs for mortality (1.65, 1.91, and 2.32, respectively) than the normonatremia group (all P values < 0.05). However, later sodium levels (24 and 72 h after CRRT) did not predict 30-day mortality. Furthermore, the changes in sodium over 24 or 72 h, including the appropriate correction of dysnatremia, did not show any relationships with mortality, irrespective of baseline sodium level. Conclusions Sodium level at the start of CRRT was a strong predictor of mortality. However, changes in sodium level and the degree of sodium correction were not associated with the mortality risk in the patients with CRRT

Improving shear bond strength of temporary crown and fixed dental prosthesis resins by surface treatments

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comThis study evaluated the effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of repaired temporary resins. One-hundred flat-surfaced cylindrical specimens (Ø 7 mm × 12 mm) of each temporary resin (2 bis-acryl resins and 2 polymethyl-methacrylates) were prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into 10 groups (n = 10), according to the types of surface treatments: untreated, adhesive treated, silanated, silane + adhesive treated, hydrofluoric acid etched, laser treated, sandblasted, sandblasting + adhesive treated, sandblasting + silanated, and tribochemical silica coating + silanated. Each resin material of the same brand with cylindrical shape (Ø 3 mm × 3 mm) was polymerized onto the resin surfaces, and specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water. The shear bond strengths were measured and failure modes were examined. All data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffé post hoc test (α = 0.05). For bis-acryl resins, the highest shear bond strength was observed in sandblasted group and the lowest was observed in the control group. Results show that the repair bond strength was improved for bis-acryl resin by 23 % than that of the control group due to the increase in surface roughness by sandblasting. However, chemical treatment did not improve repair bond strength. The surface treatment of bis-acryl resins with sandblasting seems to be promising for the improvement of repair bond strength.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2015-01/102/2008003883/12ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A078517DEPT_CD:861CITE_RATE:2.371FILENAME:j mater sci 201510 51(3) 1463-75.pdfDEPT_NM:치의학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM:

Biodegradable, flexible silicon nanomembrane-based NO x gas sensor system with record-high performance for transient environmental monitors and medical implants

Abstract: A novel transient electronics technology that is capable of completely dissolving or decomposing in certain conditions after a period of operation offers unprecedented opportunities for medical implants, environmental sensors, and other applications. Here, we describe a biodegradable, flexible silicon-based electronic system that detects NO species with a record-breaking sensitivity of 136 Rs (5 ppm, NO2) and 100-fold selectivity for NO species over other substances with a fast response (~30 s) and recovery (~60 s). The exceptional features primarily depend on not only materials, dimensions, and design layouts but also temperatures and electrical operations. Large-scale sensor arrays in a mechanically pliable configuration exhibit negligible deterioration in performance under various modes of applied loads, consistent with mechanics modeling. In vitro evaluations demonstrate the capability and stability of integrated NOx devices in severe wet environments for biomedical applications