Cytogentic relations among the genera of the subfamily Pitheciinae (Cebidae, Primates)

Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, CAPES, CNPq, FADESP, FINEP and C&T/PPG-7Universidade Federal do Pará. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Citogenética. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Citogenética. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Citogenética. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Citogenética. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Departamento de Genética. Laboratório de Citogenética. Belém, PA, Brazil.A comparative chromosomal analysis was carried out in some specimens of the three genera of the subfamily Pitheciinae (Pithecia, Chiropotes and Cacajao) using a classic cytogenetic technique (G-banding). The three genera present distinct 2n: Pithecia presents 2n=48, Chiropotes 2n=54 and Cacajao 2n=45 in the males and 2n=46 in the females. The difference in 2. found in Cacajao occurs due to a y-autosome translocation present in the male of Cacajao calvus rubicundus. Species and subspecies of the same genera show the same 2n, however the FN are different. G-banding was used to analyze the homeologies among the taxa studied and, by this mean, we observed the presence of speciesspecific chromosomes, chromosomes shared between two or among all the taxa and also chromosomes that are present in all the specimens studied. Data of this karyotypic analysis suggest that Pithecia is the most primitive among the pithecins, followed by Chiropotes, and Cacajao is the most recent one, with very rearranged karyotype

Reconstructing the Phylogeny of the Human Chromosome 4 Synteny using Comparative Karyology and Genomic Data Analysis

Abstract This work focuses on the evolution of the architecture of human chromosome 4 (HSA4) through the analysis of chromosomal regions that have been conserved over time, and the comparison of regions that have been involved in different rearrangements in placental lineages. As with most elements of the human genome, HSA4 is considered to be evolutionarily stable. A more detailed analysis indicates that the syntenic association has been reshuffled by a series of rearrangements, yielding different chromosomes in various taxa. In its ancestral eutherian state, HSA4 has a syntenic association with HSA8p. We investigated the complex origin of this human chromosome using three different approaches, including: the analysis of chromosome painting features among 157 mammalian species gleaned from published data; the analysis of conserved syntenic orthologous blocks derived from the Ensembl dataset (www.ensembl.org); and the reconstruction of the orthologues of HSA4 in various species, using a maximum parsimony ..