The Effectiveness of Clopidogrel as an Antithrombotic Compared to Ticlopidine and Aspirin (Meta-analysis)

Clopidogrel, an antithrombotic drug, has been proven by FDA as Plavix® was initially used for the prevention of vascular occlusive that cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death in patients with atherosclerosis and then it is used to treat Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Clopidogrel to aspirin and ticlopidine by meta-analysis of CLASSICS (The Clopidogrel Aspirin Stent International Cooperative Study), MATCH trial dan CAPRIE trial. Results of the study show that the effectiveness of Clopidogrel is significantly higher, however the risk of ischemic and bleeding is lower than aspirin and ticlopidine. Cost-effectiveness of Clopidogrel in avoiding secondary stroke in one episode is approximately US $33,000, and aspirin is only US$ 1400. In Indonesia the price of Clopidogrel is ranged from US $1.5 to US$3 each tablet, while the price of aspirin ranged from US $0.35 to US$ 0.72. However, in Indonesia Clopidogrel is now in the list of National Formulary, this fact might have contributed to the increasing use of Clopidogrel, which has reached around 1000 tablets per day in each hospital while aspirin has reached almost 1500 tablets per day

Studi Awal Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Rendemen Dan Kadar Asiaticoside Dari Centella Asiatica (L) Urb

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INFLUENCEOF METHOD OF EXTRACTION TO YIELD AND CONTENT OF ASIATICOSIDE FROM CENTELLA ASIATICA (L) URB. The process of extracting Canella Asiatic (L) Rub with maceration, sonication, soxhletation and CO2 supercriticalmethod had been done. The effect of extraction to the yield and asiaticoside levels of Centella asiatica (L) Urb has been studied. The results of calculation yield of asiaticoside will be seen that the content of asiaticoside (%) by weight of the extraction process of maceration, sonication, soxhletation and CO2 supercritic row as follows: 6.723; 0.187; 3648 and 9.24%. The yield of the highest asiaticoside obtained from CO2 supercritical, since the technology applied on certain pressure and temperature so that the quality of extracted yield determined by how critical the USAge of pressure and temperature was. Due to these conditions, in addition to changing the density of CO2 , also it affected solubility and selectivity of the substance to extract. The higher the pressure and solubility, the total yields will be higher. To determine the presence of compounds of asiaticoside in Centella asiatica (L) Urb, HPLC analysis is used. From the analysis of the chromatogram can be seen that there are only two peaks were detected. The qualitatively compounds of asiaticoside obtained using CO2 supercritical extraction reached higher levels than the other extractionmethods. Because the technological process of CO2 supercritical extraction utilizing the solvent power and physical properties of pure or the blend components, making it easy topenetrate into the wall material in the extraction and dissolving the active compound component selectively with high product quality and contains no solvent residues so it is more pure

Mengenal elektronika dasar.

Buku ini berisi informasi detil mengenai elektronika dasar juga terdapat rubik info yang dapat di gunakan untuk menambah pengetahuan mengenai televisi berwarna.vii, 72 hlm.: ilus.; 25 cm

Aktivitas Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) sebagai Agen Antibakteri

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has various potentials in overcoming diseases, one of which is as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to explore, analyze and review the activity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as an antibacterial agent. This study uses a literature search method using search sites such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, AYU, NCBI, Elsevier, PlosOne, and Google Scholar. by entering keywords such as antibacterial, Garlic, and Allium sativum L. Garlic contains secondary metabolites that function as antibacterial agents such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, allicin. Garlic has been shown to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and negative bacteria species Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Bacillus, Clostridium, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and, Bifidobacterium lactis predominantly using the paper disk and well diffusion method