The Rate of Return of Pay-As-You-Go Pension Systems: A More Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest

The article presents a method for calculating the cross-section internal rate of return on contributions to pension systems financed according to the pay-as-you-go principle. The method entails a procedure for valuing the contribution flow of pay-as-you-go financing, and identifies the complete set of factors that determine the cross-section internal rate of return. The procedure makes it possible to apply the algorithm of double-entry bookkeeping in analyzing and presenting the financial position and development of pay-as-you-go pension systems.Social Security, Public Pensions, Internal rate of return, Accounting

Reanalysis of past research on effects of fire on wildland hydrology

Digitized 2007 AES MoU.Includes bibliographical references (pages 15-16)

Frequency analysis and its application to extreme rainfall events in the oak-hickory forests of southeast Missouri

Digitized 2007 AES MoU.Includes bibliographical references (page 37)

The significance of variation in product home areas exterior environment : examples from Annelund and Idalafältet, Veberöd

Områden med rationellt utvecklade produkthus har blivit ett allt mer populärt sätt att bygga bostäder i mindre orter de senaste åren. Denna metod att producera hem verkar ofta resultera i vissa särdrag med avseende på färganvändningen, utformningen av närmiljön och de privata utemiljöerna. På grund av dessa särdrag skulle produkthusen kunna uppfattas som malplacerade, något anonymiserande och enkla i sin utvändiga utformning. Dessutom verkar dessa produkthusområden vara väldigt lika oavsett var i landet de ligger. Upplevelserna av färg, form och grön utemiljö är centrala i hur människan uppfattar och interagerar med sin omvärld. Uppsatsen ämnar utforska och diskutera färgval och utformning av de privata utemiljöerna i svenska produkthusområden. Hur samverkar dessa faktorer för att skapa en känsla av platsidentitet? Litteraturstudien visar att en välgrundad utformning med fokus på att gynna biodiversiteten och medveten färgharmonisering kan bidra till positiva effekter för orienterbarheten, människans välmående såväl som mer välfungerande naturliga kretslopp och ekosystem. För att öka sannolikheten att uppnå positiva effekter som dessa behövs god kompetens och kunskap hos byggföretag, liksom mer adekvata och detaljerade riktlinjer från kommuner och länsstyrelser.Rationally developed product homes are increasingly becoming a popular approach to suburban housing development. This method of producing homes seem to be having distinct and features regarding the use of color, exterior design and the private gardens. Because of these features, product homes might seem out-of-place, slightly anonymous and simplistic in its exterior appearance. Due to the rational standardization they also might look very similar across the country, no matter their geographical location. The elements of color, shape and greenery are fundamental in human perception and affects how we as humans perceive and interact with our surrounding environment. This essay aims to explore and discuss the impact of the choice of colors, the ways of shaping the built environment and shaping of private exteriors in the context of product home areas in Sweden. How do these factors interact to create a sense of place? Established literature shows that successful design promoting biodiversity and mindful color harmonization can contribute to a close-to-home environment that could benefit the orientability in these areas, the health of humans as well as well functioning natural cycles and ecosystems. To increase the probability of achieving parts or all of these benefits, further competence and knowledge in the area is required from the product-home contractors. More adequate and detailed guidelines is also needed from the municipalities and county administrative boards

PresentationMaker graphic design archive module 3.2

None provided

Validation of finite element model of a dish-stirling system by performing experimental modal analysis

The energy consumption in the world is currently higher than ever before and it keeps rising. There is a fast rising demand for renewable energy sources such as solar power, and concentrated solar power systems can be a solution to this. However, in order to have robust systems that can compete with solar photovoltaic technologies, the life span and operational load effects on the structure need to be ensured. This can be done by using a validated finite element model. This thesis describes the experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis of a Dish-Stirling system developed by Cleanergy. The purpose of the thesis is to perform experiments on the structure to compare simulated results with actual tests, in order to validate that model in terms of dynamic response. Testing on the structure was done in two different set-ups, one used for calibration and the other for validation. The structure was excited using a snap-back method, hanging a weight from the structure by a fishing line and burning the line to excite the structure. The structure was allowed to oscillate freely and eigenmodes were excited as the vibrations caused by the excitation were damped out. Data from experiments was processed and system identification of the response was done in the form of state space models. Eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the state space models were compared to eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes from the finite element model, which were found by performing modal analysis. Calibration of different parameters was done, changing one parameter at a time, and the calibrated data compared to the finite element results. The calibrated parameter which gave the best correlation between experiments and finite element model was used as input to the validation. Due to the complexity of the model, only the first modes were used for the comparison, as the other modes were too complex, and had frequencies too close to each other to distinguish between them. Comparing the finite element model with the experiments showed that the experiments did manage to capture the eigenfrequencies of interest, however, when comparing the eigenvectors, there were differences in the correlation. Some modes were captured better than others. Calibration of the model led to a marginally better correlation. The validation confirmed the calibration, to some extent. In conclusion, the finite element model corresponds well to the experiments, discrepancies in the results could be due to faults in experiment methodology, such as measurements were made too scarcely in the structure. It could also be due to a poorly calibrated finite element model. In order to further validate the finite element model more extensive experiments would need to be performed, as well as a more complex calibration procedure