Repairing Effects of Aqueous Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers. on Lupus Nephritis Mice

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers (KP) has an immunosuppressive effect on delayed-type hyper- sensitivity test. Based on it, this research aimed to determine the repairing effects of aque- ous extract of KP on lupus nephritis mice and identified its active compound. The KP extract profile was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS instrument. We examined six mice groups consisting of three curative treatment groups, one standard group receiving prednisone, one preventive group receiving KP extract, and one healthy (healthy and untreated) group. At the end of the experiment, we measured the proteinuria and renal histology parameters. To recognize the active compound in the KP profile, we performed in silico assays for the flavonoid compounds to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. We played in silico tests for the flavonoid compounds to identify the active compound in the KP profile. We found the repairing effect of KP was detected in the kidney, demonstrated by its low proteinuria level and its better tissue structure. In the curative group, the urine protein level and its glomerular inflammation decreased. In the preventive group, the aqueous extract of KP could prevent lupus nephritis manifestations in the kidney. Bryophyllin A is the most active compound of the KP. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanism involved. We conclude, the aqueous extract, especially its bryophyllin A, have beneficial effects in repairing the function and tissue structure of lupus manifestations in mice kidney

Pemantauan Interaksi Obat pada Peresepan Antidiabetes di Apotek Ubaya selama Periode Januari-Juni 2009

Telah dilakukan penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif yang bersifat retrospektif mengenai " Pemantauan Interaksi Obat pada Peresepan Antidiabetes di Apotek Ubaya Selama Periode Januari-Juni 2009". Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap resep-resep antidiabetes di apotek yang ditulis selama periode Januari-Juni 2009, kemudian dibuat Patient Medication Record (PMR) dan didapat 68 pasien. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Interaksi obat Antar Antidiabetes terjadi pada 16,41 %(Stockley Drug Interaction 8th editon). Interaksi antar antidiabetes dengan obat lain sebanyak 12, I2%(BNF 56th edition), 24,58%(Stockley 8th editon). Interaksi antar obat selain antidiabetes sebanyak I8,07%(BNF 56th edition), 12,3go/o(Stockley Drug Interaction 8th editon). Sebagian besar interaksi yang teljadi adalah interaksi farmakodinamik, yaitu sebanyak 85,71% Interaksi Farmakodinamik Antar Antidiabetes(Stockley Drug Interaction 8 th editon). Semua interaksi Antar Antidiabetes dengan Obat Lain Interaksi Farmakodinamik(BNF 56th edition), 54,94%(Stockley Drug Interaction 8th editon). Interaksi yang paling sering teijadi antar antidiabetes adalah interaksi antara Acarbose dan Metformin sebanyak 33,33%(Stockley Drug Interaction 8th editon). Jenis Antidiabetes yang paling sering mengalami interaksi Antara Antidiabetes dengan Obat Lain adalah Oral Antidiabetes (OAD) yaitu sebanyak 77,50%(BNF 56th edition), 80,93%(Stockley Drug Interaction 8th editon). Jenis insulin yang paling sering dituliskan dalam resep adalah Insulin Glargine sebanyak 40,74%. Golongan Long Acting Insulin adalah golongan insulin yang paling sering diresepkan yaitu sebanyak 51,85%. Jenis Oral Antidiabetes (OAD) yang paling sering diresepkan adalah Metformin yaitu sebanyak 31,93%. Golongan Oral Antidiabetes (OAD) yang paling sering diresepkan adalah Biguanide dan Sulphonylurea masing-masing sebanyak 31,93%. Obat yang paling sering diresepkan bersama Antidiabetes adalah Antihipertensi yaitu sebanyak 26,47%

ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITITY OF WATER FRACTIONS EXTRACT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) IN HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET INDUCED MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: The prevalence of obesity increases each year globally. Multifactorial etiology of obesity requires therapy management including changing of diet and medicines. Some of obesity drugs have shown ineffectiveness and safety. The previous study showed that water extract of tamarind could reduce body weight (bw). This study aimed to test the activity fraction of water extract tamarind as antiobesity using high carbohydrate diet. Method: The preventive research of antiobesity had done by given water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of water extract tamarind following with induced high carbohydrate diet during 6th weeks in male Wistar rats. The parameters had observed including consumption of food, body weight, weight of feces, volume of urine, total cholesterols, triglycerides, blood glucose, index of organs, and accumulation of body fat. Result: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses 4.5 mg/kg bw has shown significantly effect to decrease of total cholesterols level and decrease of triglycerides level at weeks 6 (p<0.05). All the tests of fraction have shown activity inhibition of increased body weight, decrease of appetite, total cholesterols, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Meanwhile, mechanism action of antiobesity as increase defecation, urination, and decrease index of organs and accumulation of body fat have not shown by all these test fractions. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 4.5 mg/kg bw can inhibit raising of body weight, decrease of total cholesterols, and triglycerides level greater than the other test groups, where increasing of these levels of blood biochemistry was closely related to the pathology of obesity

Aktivitas Penghambat Reseptor-β Adrenergik Ekstrak Air Kulit Batang Taya (Nauclea subdita (Korth) Steud) Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are an appropriate treatment for patients with hypertension who have concomitant ischemic hearat disease, heart failure, obstructive cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection or certain cardiac arrhythmias. Taya (Nauclea subdita (Korth) Steud) is a local natural potential of Kalimantan that is empirically believed to have antihypertensive activities. This study aims to determine the activity of β-adrenergic receptor inhibitors of stem bark water extract in male wistar rats. Tests were carried out on male Wistar rats by the Non Invasive Blood Pressure method using the CODA® tool. Test animals were divided into 5 groups: normal group, induction group (Epinephrine 1.2 µg/kgBW), 100 mg/kgBW extract group, 200 mg/kgBW extract group, and 4,5 mg/kgBW atenolol group. The induction group showed an increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate that were significantly different from the normal group, the 100 mg/kgBW extract group, the 200 mg/kgBW extract extract group, and the 4.5 mg/kgBW atenolol group (p&lt;0,05). The 100 mg/kgBW extract group was not significantly different from systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate with the normal group, the 200 mg/kgBW extract group, and the 4.5 mg/kgBW atenolol group (p&gt; 0.05). The results of this study showed that taya bark water extracts 100 mg/kgbw had inhibitory activity of β-adrenergic receptors in male wistar rats.Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (β-blocker) merupakan salah satu antihipertensi yang tepat digunakaan untuk pasien hipertensi yang disertai penyakit jantung iskemik, gagal jantung, kardiomiopati obstruktif, diseksi aorta, atau aritmia jantung tertentu. Tanaman taya (Nauclea subdita (Korth) Steud) merupakan potensi lokal alam Kalimantan yang secara empiris diyakini memiliki aktivitas sebagai antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas inhibisi ekstrak air kulit batang taya pada reseptor-β adrenergik . Pengujian menggunakan tikus wistar jantan dengan metode Non Invasive Blood Pressure (CODA®). Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok induksi (Epinefrin 1,2 µg/kgBB), kelompok ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB, kelompok ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok atenolol 4,5 mg/kgBB. Kelompok induksi menunjukkan kenaikan tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, dan detak jantung yang berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok normal, kelompok ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB, kelompok ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok atenolol 4,5 mg/kgBB (p&lt;0,05). Kelompok ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB berbeda tidak signifikan tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, dan detak jantung dengan kelompok normal, kelompok ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok atenolol 4,5 mg/kgBB (p&gt;0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ekstrak air kulit batang taya dosis 100 mg/kgbbmemiliki aktivitas menghambat reseptor-β adrenergik pada tikus wistar jantan

ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITITY OF WATER FRACTIONS EXTRACT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) IN HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET INDUCED MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: The prevalence of obesity increases each year globally. Multifactorial etiology of obesity requires therapy management including changing of diet and medicines. Some of obesity drugs have shown ineffectiveness and safety. The previous study showed that water extract of tamarind could reduce body weight (bw). This study aimed to test the activity fraction of water extract tamarind as antiobesity using high carbohydrate diet. Method: The preventive research of antiobesity had done by given water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of water extract tamarind following with induced high carbohydrate diet during 6th weeks in male Wistar rats. The parameters had observed including consumption of food, body weight, weight of feces, volume of urine, total cholesterols, triglycerides, blood glucose, index of organs, and accumulation of body fat. Result: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses 4.5 mg/kg bw has shown significantly effect to decrease of total cholesterols level and decrease of triglycerides level at weeks 6 (p<0.05). All the tests of fraction have shown activity inhibition of increased body weight, decrease of appetite, total cholesterols, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Meanwhile, mechanism action of antiobesity as increase defecation, urination, and decrease index of organs and accumulation of body fat have not shown by all these test fractions. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 4.5 mg/kg bw can inhibit raising of body weight, decrease of total cholesterols, and triglycerides level greater than the other test groups, where increasing of these levels of blood biochemistry was closely related to the pathology of obesity

ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITITY OF WATER FRACTIONS EXTRACT OF TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.) IN HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET INDUCED MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: The prevalence of obesity increases each year globally. Multifactorial etiology of obesity requires therapy management including changing of diet and medicines. Some of obesity drugs have shown ineffectiveness and safety. The previous study showed that water extract of tamarind could reduce body weight (bw). This study aimed to test the activity fraction of water extract tamarind as antiobesity using high carbohydrate diet.Method: The preventive research of antiobesity had done by given water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of water extract tamarind following with induced high carbohydrate diet during 6th weeks in male Wistar rats. The parameters had observed including consumption of food, body weight, weight of feces, volume of urine, total cholesterols, triglycerides, blood glucose, index of organs, and accumulation of body fat.Result: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses 4.5 mg/kg bw has shown significantly effect to decrease of total cholesterols level and decrease of triglycerides level at weeks 6 (p&lt;0.05). All the tests of fraction have shown activity inhibition of increased body weight, decrease of appetite, total cholesterols, triglycerides, and blood glucose. Meanwhile, mechanism action of antiobesity as increase defecation, urination, and decrease index of organs and accumulation of body fat have not shown by all these test fractions.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 4.5 mg/kg bw can inhibit raising of body weight, decrease of total cholesterols, and triglycerides level greater than the other test groups, where increasing of these levels of blood biochemistry was closely related to the pathology of obesity

Selection of potential Indonesian plant species for antioxidant

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is commonly complication of diabetes mellitus. Antimicrobial and antioxidant herbs can be used as complementary therapy in DFU and these properties will be strengthened by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study was performed for screening of Indonesian herbs promising as antioxidant which can be subsequently involved in the green synthesis of AgNPs. Antioxidant of eight herbs extracts were evaluated using 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. Their total group of compounds were quantified as well. Phyllanthus niruri and Orthosiphon stamineus exhibited the strongest antioxidant power with IC50 of 102 and 133 µg/ml, followed by Curcuma domestica, Stelechocarpus burahol, and Curcuma xanthorriza with the IC50 of 363, 481, and 540 µg/ml, respectively. Sonchus arvensis, Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica did not have antioxidants activity. Total phenolics from the highest is: O. stamineus > C. domestica > C. xanthorrizha > P. niruri > S. burahol > S. arvensis > A. graveolens > C. asiatica, whereas total flavonoids order is O. stamineus > S. burahol > P. niruri > A. graveolens > C. asiatica > S. arvensis > C. xanthorrizha > C. domestica. We concluded that O. stamineus was the most suitable herb to be used as a bioreductor in the green synthesis of AgNPs

ANTIOXIDANT AND GASTRIC ULCER HEALING EFFECT OF ORTHOSIPHONSTAMINEUS (BENTH.) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ASPIRIN-INDUCED RATS

Objective: In the gastrointestinal system, gastric ulcer is one of the common serious problems in human life and gives contribution against morbidity and mortality incidence. The pathophysiology of gastric ulcer is an imbalance between aggressive factor and mucosal integrity factor. Increase of aggressive factors and decrease of mucosal integrity factors have potential against developed of gastric ulcer disease. The objective of the research was to evaluate antioxidant and gastric ulcer healing effect of Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract in aspirin-induced rats.Methods: In vivo antiulcer activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated through several parameters involves gastric acidity, number of ulcers, diameters of ulcers, ulcer index (UI), and healing ratio. Dose level of Orthosiphon leaves extract which used in this study such as 250 and500 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method. Histopathological of the stomach was performed using hematoxylin-eosin stained.Results: The results of the study showed that groups which given Orthosiphon leaves extract have significantly different for gastric ulcer healing compared to the control group and were supported by histopathological analysis. The Orthosiphon leaves extract also showed maximum scavengingactivity at a concentration of 100 µg/ml (58.86% inhibition) and minimum at 50 μg/ml (29.60% inhibition) with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC  )50 84.54 µg/ml when compared to ascorbic acid as the standard with IC5.08 µg/ml by DPPH method.Conclusion: It can be concluded that from the experimental study of O. stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract has potential antiulcer activity in aspirin- induced rats model and antioxidant effect using DPPH method. Stomach tissues regeneration in gastric ulcer model might be affected by the improvement of antioxidant status.Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.), Extract, Ulcer, Aspirin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate

KUMIS KUCING (ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS [BENTH.]) LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT AS ANTI‑OBESITY AGENT IN HIGH‑FAT DIET‑INDUCED OBESE MICE

Objective: The leaves of kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus [Benth.]) are used as folk medicine for lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension,hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus in Southeast Asia countries, especially Indonesia. Obesity is closely associated with lifestyle-related disease.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of kumis kucing leaves ethanol extract in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and its ability toinhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme activity in vitro.Methods: Obese mice groups were fed a high-fat diet for 30 days and treated with kumis kucing leaves ethanol extract for 2 weeks. The measurementparameter includes body weight, organ weight, and visceral fat mass. Experiments were also carried out to clarify the effect of kumis kucing leavesethanol extract inhibited pancreatic lipase enzyme activity in vitro.Results: Kumis kucing-treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight, organ weight, and visceral fat mass after 2 weeks treatmentcompared with untreated groups. Furthermore, kumis kucing leaves ethanol extract showed potency as the pancreatic lipase activity inhibitor in vitro.Conclusion: Kumis kucing leaves ethanol extract can inhibit the development of obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The effect appearsmediated by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase activity. The results from this study suggested that the kumis kucing leaves may have a considerableimpact as potential anti-obesity agents.Keywords: Kumis kucing, Extract, Obesity, High-fat diet