Bovine reproductive immunoinfertility: pathogenesis and immunotherapy

Infertility is one of the primary factors for cattle reproduction in the present scenario. Reproduction-related immunoinfertility mainly involves immunization against the antigens related to reproductive hormones (LHRH, GnRH, Gonadal steroids, PGF2α and oxytocin), spermatozoa, seminal plasma and ovum. Anovulation, delayed ovulation, sperm immobilization, failure of fertilization, prolonged uterine involution, extended calving interval, prolonged post-partum estrus and reduced conception rate could be a result of immunoinfertility that occur due to the blockage of receptor site by antibodies formed against hormones, sperm and ovum. Immunoinfertility can be treated in the animal by giving sexual rest to females, by using various reproductive technologies such as in-vitro fertilization, gamete intra fallopian tube transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, sperm washing and by treating the animals with immunomodulators such as LPS, Oyster glycogen, etc. This review summarizes the different causes of bovine reproductive immunoinfertility and amelioration strategies to overcome it

Tenuous Legality: Tensions Within Anti-Terrorism Law in India

This paper examines the evolution of the anti-terror legislation in India from Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act 1987 (TADA), through Prevention of Terrorism Act 2000 (POTA) to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). This paper attends specifically to the jurisprudential tension between the promise of constitutional safeguards on the one hand, and the legal erosion of these rights inhering in these laws on the other. The paper seeks to understand how this tension is resolved, philosophically and jurisprudentially in addressing challenges to these laws in the Supreme Court. How, first, did the Supreme Court respond to the allegation that these laws suffered from the “the vice of unconstitutionality”. Second, having upheld the constitutional wholesomeness of these laws, how did different courts respond in actual cases being tried under these laws – which legally subverted established evidentiary rules? It is argued that the tension remains unresolved – despite professions to the contrary – and can be seen operating in the juridical field

A Physiologic Impression Technique for Resorbed Mandibular Ridges

Making a definitive impression of an edentulous arch can be challenging when the residual ridges present with less-than-ideal conditions. A procedure is described for the final impression of severely atrophied mandibular residual ridges especially for mandibular edentulous ridges with high muscle attachments. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues. Tissues could be displaced during impression making and result in subsequent pathology, or they could be placed i.e. compression within the physiologic limits in order to maximize the support from the edentulous ridge. Close adaptation to the basal seat contributes to stability. This technique emphasizes on the concept of tissue placement and determination of the extent of mucobuccal denture extension which is achieved by the use of a close fitting tray and a viscous impression material. Final impression is made with an elastomeric impression material to capture the anatomic details of the tissues

Bioengineered probiotics to control SARS-CoV-2 infection

The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) is now a global public health crisis and declared as a pandemic. Several recent studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The information obtained from these structural and biochemical studies provides a strong rationale to target SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 interaction for developing therapeutics against this viral infection. Here, we propose to discuss the scope of bioengineered probiotics expressing human ACE2 as a novel therapeutic to control the viral outbreak

Surface waves in fibre-reinforced anisotropic solid elastic media under the influence of gravity

The aim of the present paper is to investigate surface waves in an anisotropic, elastic solid medium under the influence of gravity. First, a theory of generalised surface waves was developed and then it was employed to investigate particular cases of waves, viz., Stoneley and Rayleigh, Love type. The wave velocity equations were obtained for different cases and they are in well agreement with the corresponding classical result, when the effect of gravity, viscosity as well as parameters for fibre-reinforcement of the material medium are ignored