Effect of Arrabidaea Chica Verlot Hydroalcoholic Extract on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis of Rat Knees / Efeito do Extrato Hidroalcoólico de Arrabidaea chica Verlot na osteoartrite induzida por Monoiodoacetato de Sódio em joelhos de ratos

Introdution: The Arrabidaea chica Verlot (A. chica, ACV), with well-demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties,  appears as an option with therapeutic potential for the osteoarthritis; thus, validating its use is highly relevant. Method: 72 rats were allocated to 3 groups: control, osteoarthritis and phytotherapy {these last two were subjected to osteoarthritis induction, and treated orally with 0.9% normal saline (0.1 mL/100 g) and ACV hydroalcoholic extract (500 mg/kg), respectively, from days 7 to 28}. The 3 groups were subjected to weekly (days 7, 14, 21, 28) assessments including clinical tests (weight-bearing and von Frey), radiological and histopathological analyses.  Fractionation of the ACV´s hydroalcoholic extract was performed and it´s fractions were analysed. Results: The evaluation of the values of the osteoarthritis and phytotherapy groups showed significant difference, with p <0,05 : weight-bearing- on days 14 (29,64 x 35,52), 21 (32,62 x 42,53) and 28 (33,56 x 47,14), von Frey- on days 14 (31,12 x 37,80), 21 (30,24 x 41,48) and 28 (35,78 x 46,09),  x-ray- on days 21 (2,17 x 1,20) and 28 (2,33 x 1,40), and histopathological analysis- on day 28 (0,03 x 2,20). The fractionation of the extract obtained the FH (hexane), FC (chloroform), FAE (ethyl acetate) and FB (butanolic) fractions. The FAE had highest total polypnenolic contents and the FH had the highest concentration of total flavonoids. Conclusion: The ACV extract promoted a reduction in static incapacitance, allodynia, radiological score and degree of synovitis, and FAE and FH fractions are probably the fractions responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ACV extract

Hemodynamics alterations during orthotopic liver experimental transplantation in pigs Alterações hemodinâmicas durante transplante hepático ortotópico experimental em suínos

PURPOSE: To describe the hemodynamics alterations during orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs. METHODS: In the period from April 2004 to December 2005, forty-four female Landrace pigs, weighting between 32 and 38 Kg were undergone to orthotopic liver transplantation. The animals were divided into two groups, donor and recipient pairs, which received whole liver grafts. The surgical procedure was divided into four parts: harvested, back-table, hepatectomy of the recipient and implantation. We analyze heart rate, blood gas, mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP-mmHg), central venous pressure, pH, Na-, K+, Cl-, Ca+ and urinary output. RESULTS: The mean anhepatic time was 69 min, cold ischemia was 252.2 min and back-table was 56.6 min. Blood pressure and heart rate dropped significantly during anhepatic phase and after revascularization. Blood gas and electrolytes alterations were observed during anhepatic and reperfusion phases. Although alterations were noted during these phases, the hemodynamic status was recovered and stabilized in the end of the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Simplified technique of liver transplant was achieved and description of hemodynamic alterations was possible in pigs.<br>OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações hemodinâmicas que ocorrem durante o transplante hepático ortotópico experimental em suínos. MÉTODOS: No período de abril de 2004 a dezembro de 2005, quarenta porcos da raça Landrace, fêmeas, pesando entre 32 e 38Kg foram submetidos a transplante hepático ortotópico. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, doador e receptor, estes receberam enxerto total. O procedimento cirúrgico foi dividido em captação, cirurgia de banco, hepatectomia do receptor e implante do enxerto. Analisamos a freqüência cardíaca, gasometria, pressão arterial média (PAM-mmHg), pressão venosa central, pH, Na-, K+, Cl-, Ca+, e débito urinário. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de fase anepática foi de 69 minutos, tempo de isquemia fria foi de 252,2 minutos e cirurgia de banco de 56,6 minutos. A pressão sanguínea caiu significativamente e a freqüência cardíaca elevou-se durante a fase anepática e de revascularização. As alterações na gasometria e eletrólitos foram observadas durante as fases anepática e de revascularização. Embora estas alterações tenham sido observadas durante aquelas fases, o padrão hemodinâmico foi recuperado e estabilizado no final da operação. CONCLUSÕES: Uma técnica simplificada de transplante hepático experimental teve seu objetivo alcançado e foi possível identificar corrigir as alterações hemodinâmicas encontradas em suínos