Effects of home-based exercise training for patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnea: comparison of two different programmes

Objective: To evaluate the effects of home-based exercise for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and sleep apnea, and to compare two different training programmes. Methods: Fifty CHF patients with sleep apnea were prospectively assessed and were randomized in three groups: Group 1 (aerobic training, n=18), Group 2 (aerobic with strength training, n=18), and Group 3 (untrained, n=14). The training programme for Groups 1 and 2 began with three supervised exercise sessions, after the patients underwent three months of home-based exercise. Patients were followed by weekly telephone call and were reviewed monthly. Group 3 had the status of physical activity evaluated weekly by interview to make sure they remained untrained. Before and after three months, all the patients underwent: cardiopulmonary exercise testing, six minute walking test, isokinetic strength and endurance, Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire and polysomnography. Adherence was evaluated weekly. Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled in the study, 45 completed the programme. Clinical events were: Group 1 (one death), Group 2 (one myocardial infarction), Group 3 (one death and two strokes), and these events were no training-related. Training groups (1 and 2) showed improvement in all data evaluated and the adherence was an important factor in our results (Group 1 = 98.5% and Group 2 = 100.2%, p=0.743). The Group 2 with strength training showed a significant higher increase in muscle strength and endurance by isokinetic test. Untrained Group 3 demonstrated significant decrease or no change on measurements after three months without training. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that home-based exercise training provides an efficient, secure and important therapeutic strategy with minimal cost and equipment for CHF patients. The programmes provided benefits for CHF patients with improvement of aerobic capacity, muscle strength and endurance, quality of life and sleep apnea, with registered high adherence.Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da reabilitação não supervisionada para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e apnéia do sono, e comparar dois protocolos diferentes de treinamento. Métodos: Avaliamos prospectivamente 50 pacientes com IC e apnéia do sono, randomizados em três grupos: Grupo 1 (treinamento aeróbio, n=18), Grupo 2 (treinamento aeróbio com exercícios resistidos, n=18) e Grupo 3 (controle não treinado, n=14). Os programas de reabilitação (Grupos 1 e 2) consistiram de três sessões de treinamento supervisionado, seguidas de três meses de reabilitação não supervisionada. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por telefonemas semanais e reavaliações mensais. O Grupo 3 foi avaliado semanalmente para garantir a permanência no estado de sedentarismo. Os testes realizados no momento basal e após três meses (Reabilitação não supervisionada - Grupos 1 e 2; Sem treinamento - Grupo 3) foram: teste cardiopulmonar, teste da caminhada de seis minutos, teste isocinético para força e resistência musculares, questionário Minnesota living with heart failure para qualidade de vida e polissonografia. A adesão foi avaliada semanalmente. Resultados: Dos 50 pacientes envolvidos no estudo, 45 completaram o programa. Os eventos clínicos foram: Grupo 1 (um óbito), Grupo 2 (um infarto do miocárdio) e Grupo 3 (um óbito e dois acidentes vasculares cerebrais), mas não relacionados ao exercício. Os pacientes dos Grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram melhora em todas as avaliações realizadas, e a adesão foi um fator importante para nossos resultados (Grupo 1=98.5% e Grupo 2=100.2%, p=0.743). O Grupo 2 apresentou um aumento significativamente maior na força e resistência musculares após a reabilitação. O grupo 3 demonstrou piora ou nenhuma alteração nas avaliações após três meses sem treinamento. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que a reabilitação não supervisionada é uma importante estratégia terapêutica eficiente, segura e de baixo custo para pacientes com IC e apnéia do sono, beneficiando a capacidade funcional, força e a resistência musculares, qualidade do sono e de vida, com registro de alta taxa de adesão.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)TEDEBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

How much do the benefits cost? Effects of a home-based training programme on cardiovascular fitness, quality of life, programme cost and adherence for patients with coronary disease

Objective: To evaluate cost, adherence and effects on cardiovascular function and quality of life of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with coronary disease.Design: A randomized, prospective controlled trial.Setting: Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Brazil.Subjects: Thirty-nine low-risk patients were assigned to a home exercise training group (n=19) or a control group (n=20).Interventions: the home group performed home-based training for three months with biweekly telephone monitoring.Main outcome measures: the aerobic capacity and the quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)) of all patients were evaluated before and after the three-month period. Adherence was evaluated weekly. Programme cost was estimated using the Brazilian Classification of Medical Procedures.Results: After training, the home group had higher peak Vo(2) from 28.8 (6.4) to 31.7 (8.1) mL/kg per minute, peak heart rate from 135 (22) to 143 (20) bpm, work rate from 4780 (2021) to 7103 (3057) kpm/min and exercise time from 11.5 (1.9) to 13.6 (2.3) minutes (P <= 0.05). the control group showed reduction in peak Vo(2) from 28.6 (6.6) to 26.8 (7.2) mL/kg per minute, peak Vo(2) pulse from 15.5 (3.9) to 14.3 (3.8) mL/bpm and exercise time from 11.5 (2.3) to 11.4 (2.7) minutes (P<0.05). the home group reported improvements in all domains of SF-36. the control group showed improvement in only three domains of SF-36. in the home group the average cost per patient was US$502.71 and the adherence achieved 100%.Conclusion: the programme seems to provide an efficient low-cost approach to cardiac rehabilitation in low-risk patients.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Índice tornozelo-braquial e hipertrofia ventricular na hipertensão arterial

O Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB) é marcador de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Raros relatos correlacionam esse índice com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), capacidade funcional (CF) e escore de risco coronariano de Framingham (ERCF). O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a correlação entre ITB, HVE, CF e ERCF em homens com hipertensão arterial (HA). Estudo prospectivo e transversal de pacientes do sexo masculino (n = 40), com idade média de 57,92 ± 7,61 anos, sem complicações cardiovasculares. Essa população foi submetida às medidas de ITB, ecocardiograma (ECO), teste ergométrico (TE) e exames laboratoriais. O ITB (direito e esquerdo) foi considerado anormal quando a relação entre a maior média das pressões sistólicas dos tornozelos e dos braços foi inferior ou igual a 0,9 ou superior a 1,3 mmHg. A HVE foi identificada pelo ECO transtorácico; e a CF, pelo TE. Amostras sanguíneas periféricas foram colhidas para o cálculo do ERCF. Valores normais de ITB foram encontrados em 33 pacientes (82,5%), os quais foram incluídos no Grupo I; sete pacientes (17,5%) com ITB anormal constituíram o Grupo II. Os índices de massa do índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE) ao ECO foram de 111,18 ± 34,34 g/m² (Grupo I) e de 150,29 ± 34,06 g/m2 (Grupo II) (p = 0,009). A prevalência de HVE foi de 4% (Grupo I) e de 35,3% (Grupo II) (p = 0,01), constatando-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Quanto à CF no TE, não se registrou diferença entre os grupos. Em relação ao ERCF, a média do Grupo I foi inferior à média do Grupo II: 13,18 ± 2,11 versus 15,28±1,79 (p = 0,019). Em HA, a presença de HVE definida pelo IMVE esteve mais presente nos casos com ITB anormal, identificando maior risco cardiovascular

Correlação entre qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional na insuficiência cardíaca Correlation between quality of life and functional capacity in cardiac failure

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) apresentam progressiva incapacidade e declínio na qualidade de vida, ambos relacionados com dispneia e fadiga. Dessa forma, há interesse crescente em mensurar a qualidade de vida (QV), seja por instrumento genérico, tal como o 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), seja por específico, tal como o Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHFQ). OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou correlacionar os questionários de QV, SF-36 e MLHFQ, com a capacidade funcional de pacientes com IC, expressa pelo teste cardiopulmonar e o TC6M. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se os questionários SF-36 e MLHFQ para avaliação da QV. Para avaliação da capacidade funcional, utilizou-se o teste cardiopulmonar, sendo executado em esteira com protocolo de Weber, bem como a distância percorrida no teste da caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 46 pacientes com diagnóstico de IC (22 homens, idade média de 52 anos), classes II e III da New York Heart Association. Observou-se correlação fraca entre os domínios aspectos físico e emocional do SF-36 e o VE/VCO2pico (r=-0,3; p<0,05) e a distância percorrida no TC6M (r=0,4; p<0,05), respectivamente. Observaram-se ainda correlações de fraca a moderada do escore total do MLHFQ com o VO2pico (r=-0,5; p<0,05), o limiar anaeróbio (r=-0,4; p<0,05) e a distância percorrida no TC6M (r=-0,5; p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que a aplicação de ambos os instrumentos de avaliação da QV, genérico (SF-36) e específico (MLHFQ) em pacientes com IC, evidenciaram de fraca a moderada correlação com as variáveis do teste cardiopulmonar e a distância percorrida no TC6M.<br>BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiac failure (CF) present progressive incapacity and decreased quality of life, both related to dyspnea and fatigue. Thus, there is the increasing interest in measring the quality of life (QL), by generic instrument, such as the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), by specific instrument, such as Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHFQ). OBJECTIVE: This study has the objective to correlate the QL surveys, SF-36 and MLHFQ, with the functional capacity of patients with CF, expressed by the cardiopulmonary test and the TC6M. METHODS: Using the SF-36 and MLHFQ surveys for QL evaluation, for the evaluation of the functional capacity, it was used the cardiopulmonary test, being executed using a tredmill with Weber protocol, as well sa the distance covered in the walk test of six minutes (TC6M). RESULTS: Forty-six patients were selected with CF diagnosis (22 men, average age of 52 years old), classes II and III of New York Heart Association. It was observed that the mild correlation between the physical and emotional domains of SF-36 and VE/VCO2.peak (r=-0.3; p<0.05) and the distance covered in TC6M (r=0.4; p<0.05), respectively. It was also observed the mild to moderate correlations of MLHFQ total score with VO2.peak (r=-0.5; p<0.05), the aerobic threshold (r=-0.4; p<0.05) and the distance covered in TC6M (r=-0.5; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the application of both evaluation instruments of QL, generic (SF-36) and specific (MLHFQ) in patients with CF, showed mild and moderate correlation with the variable of the cardiopulmonary test with the variables of the cardiopulmonary test and the distance covered in TC6M

Effects of home-based exercise training for patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnoea: a randomized comparison of two different programmes

Objective: To evaluate the effects of home-based exercise for patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnoea and to compare two different training programmes.Design: A randomized, prospective controlled trial.Setting: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Brazil.Subjects: Fifty chronic heart failure patients with sleep apnoea were randomized in three groups: Group 1 (aerobic training, n = 18), Group 2 (aerobic with strength training, n = 18), and Group 3 (untrained, n = 14).Interventions: the training programme for Groups 1 and 2 began with three supervised exercise sessions, after they underwent three months of home-based exercise. Patients were followed by weekly telephone call and were reviewed monthly. Group 3 had the status of physical activity evaluated weekly by interview to make sure they remained untrained.Main outcome measures: At baseline and after three months: cardiopulmonary exercise testing, isokinetic strength and endurance, Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire and polysomnography. Adherence was evaluated weekly.Results: of the 50 patients enrolled in the study, 45 completed the programme. Clinical events: Group 1 (one death), Group 2 (one myocardial infarction), Group 3 (one death and two strokes). None were training related. Training groups showed improvement in all outcomes evaluated and the adherence was an important factor (Group 1 = 98.5% and Group 2 = 100.2%, P = 0.743). Untrained Group 3 demonstrated significant decrease or no change on measurements after three months without training.Conclusion: Home-based exercise training is an important therapeutic strategy in chronic heart failure patients with sleep apnoea, and strength training resulted in a higher increase in muscle strength and endurance.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc