Physical Properties of Different Orthodontic Composites

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the water sorption, solubility, and compressive strength of 3 traditional orthodontic composites and 1 flowable composite after 1, 7, and 30 days of immersion in water.Materials and Method:The traditional orthodontic composites used in this study were ORTHO Bracket Paste (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), Transbond XT (3M, Monrovia, CA, USA), and Light Bond (Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). The flowable composite used was Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The specimens were subjected to water sorption and solubility tests based on the ISO 4049 and ADA No. 8 requirements. Mechanical tests were performed with an Instron Universal Test Machine.Results:There were no significant differences in solubility among the 4 materials after 1 and 7 days (p > 0.05). Tetric EvoFlow had a lower compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composites (p > 0.05) and exhibited significantly higher water sorption than the traditional orthodontic composites after immersing them in water for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001).Conclusion:The results revealed that the flowable composite had higher solubility and water absorption but less compressive strength than the traditional orthodontic composite resins used in this study

Iridium(I)-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Bond Formation Reactions via the Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy

###EgeUn###Iridium(I) complexes having an imidazol-2-ylidene ligand with benzylic wingtips efficiently catalyzed the beta-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols and acceptorless dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol with ketones through a borrowing hydrogen pathway. The beta-alkylated alcohols, including cholesterol derivatives, and substituted quinolines were obtained in good yields by using a minute amount of the catalyst with a catalytic amount of NaOH or KOH under the air atmosphere, liberating water (and H-2 in the case of quinoline synthesis) as the sole byproduct. Notably, this system demonstrated turnover numbers of 940 000 (for beta-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols by using down to 0.0001 mol % = 1 ppm of the catalyst) and 9200 (acceptorless dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol with ketones).Research Fund of the Ege University [18-FEN-046, FGA-2019-20384]; Turkish Academy of Science (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThis work was supported by the Research Fund of the Ege University (project numbers: 18-FEN-046 and FGA-2019-20384). Sertac Genc, B.A., and B.C. acknowledge the Turkish Academy of Science (TUBA) for the fellowship

Disease history of patients with COPD

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to obtain real-life data of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at least one year ago, including smoking history, inhaler device training, and the number of exacerbations. METHODS: This study was planned as a nationwide, prospective, observational, multicenter, and noninterventional study, and web-based electronic case forms were used to register the patients. RESULTS: A total of 460 patients from 11 centers were included, of whom 88.3% were males. Of the total patients, 137 (29.8%) were current smokers, and 292 (63.5%) were ex-smokers. One hundred twenty-four (29.6%) patients did not receive inhaler device training. Repeated inhaler device training in the follow-up visits was not performed in 255 (60.8%) patients. Of the total participants, 187 (41.0%) reported no exacerbations in the previous year. The mean number of exacerbations per person over the previous year was 1.19. The annual rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were 34.8% and 4.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients should be trained more efficiently in the risks of COPD, use of inhaler devices, exacerbations, and improving quality of life