Why do poor people demand accountability from some participatory programs and not others?

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170).There is a consensus that citizen oversight, or the capacity of citizens to demand accountability, over government programs improves program performance. Yet little is known about the conditions that enable citizens/beneficiaries to demand accountability. This dissertation approaches this void in the literature by comparing two Community Driven Development (CDD) programs in Argentina and asking the question of why beneficiary oversight was higher in one program than in the other and why, within the same program, it was higher in some provinces than in others. The main conclusions are: (i) for beneficiary oversight to work at the project level (i.e., for beneficiaries to be able to control subcontracted providers of technical assistance) it was not sufficient to have accountability mechanisms at that level (in this case being able to hire and fire providers); (ii) due to asymmetries of technical knowledge and power between beneficiaries and providers, the former depended on the support of program staff willing to level out these asymmetries; (iii) given a highly politicized context, ensuring that program staff supported beneficiaries at the project level required having beneficiary oversight at the program governance level; in the program where this did not happen, patronage and clientelism took over the program, distorted its participatory nature and led to its collapse;(cont.) (iv) when beneficiary oversight took place at the program governance level it was due to (a) the program's commitment to support the consolidation of beneficiaries as a political actor capable of interacting with government, which expressed through (b) the creation of institutional mechanisms for program governance oversight that provided access to information about the program's performance, (c) the strengthening of supra-local networks at the national, provincial, and local level which increased beneficiaries' capacity for collective action and leverage; and (d) the construction of the program as part of the beneficiaries identity, which motivated them to mobilize to defend the program. (v) Intra program variation (across provinces) in beneficiary oversight was related to the capacity of state and civil society actors to resolve successfully the tensions involved in relations of critical collaboration (i.e., relations where actors need to collaborate with each other while remaining critical and vigilant of maintaining their autonomy).by Rodrigo Serrano-Berthet.Ph.D

Who knows what's best for the poor? : demand-driven policies and rural poverty in northeast Brazil

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67).by Rodrigo Serrano Berthet.M.C.P

An evaluation of a hot spot policing programme in four Argentinian cities

In 2017, hot spot policing interventions were implemented in four cities in Argentina: La Plata, Morón, Santa Fe and Tres de Febrero. Each intervention was similarly designed, organized and implemented. Results differed between cities. La Plata experienced the largest decreases, including a significant 31% decrease in robbery (while controlling for geographic displacement), whereas in other cities, a mix of non-significant decreases and increases in robbery and theft were observed. No displacement was observed to assaults or vehicle crime. The differences in impact between cities were likely to be associated with differences in the project management of each intervention

Terrestrial behavior in titi monkeys (Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus) : potential correlates, patterns, and differences between genera

For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We examined whether the frequency of terrestrial activity correlated with study duration (a proxy for sampling effort), rainfall level (a proxy for food availability seasonality), and forest height (a proxy for vertical niche dimension). Terrestrial activity was recorded frequently for Callicebus and Plecturocebus spp., but rarely for Cheracebus spp. Terrestrial resting, anti-predator behavior, geophagy, and playing frequencies in Callicebus and Plecturocebus spp., but feeding and moving differed. Callicebus spp. often ate or searched for new leaves terrestrially. Plecturocebus spp. descended primarily to ingest terrestrial invertebrates and soil. Study duration correlated positively and rainfall level negatively with terrestrial activity. Though differences in sampling effort and methods limited comparisons and interpretation, overall, titi monkeys commonly engaged in a variety of terrestrial activities. Terrestrial behavior in Callicebus and Plecturocebus capacities may bolster resistance to habitat fragmentation. However, it is uncertain if the low frequency of terrestriality recorded for Cheracebus spp. is a genus-specific trait associated with a more basal phylogenetic position, or because studies of this genus occurred in pristine habitats. Observations of terrestrial behavior increased with increasing sampling effort and decreasing food availability. Overall, we found a high frequency of terrestrial behavior in titi monkeys, unlike that observed in other pitheciids

Por um Brasil mais seguro: uma análise da dinâmica do crime e da violência

Quais são os fatores que estão determinando o declínio da criminalidade nos últimos anos no Brasil? Por que a criminalidade violenta estádiminuindo em alguns Estados enquanto cresce em outros? Que tipos de intervenção podem ajudar a reduzir a violência, sobretudo entre osjovens? Com o objetivo de encontrar respostas a estas perguntas, este estudo estima a correlação entre seis fatores socioeconômicos de riscoe as mudanças nas taxas de homicídio no período de 1997 a 2008. Conclui-se que o declínio na média nacional durante a última décadaestá fortemente correlacionado à redução do grupo de jovens do sexo masculino entre 15 e 19 anos, à diminuição da desigualdade e, emmenor extensão, à queda na taxa de evasão no ensino médio público. Analisando de forma mais detalhada a experiência bem-sucedidado Sudeste, o estudo identifica algumas intervenções promissoras, como o policiamento orientado para resultados, o controle de armas e doconsumo de álcool,entre outras políticas norteadas por estratégias integradas de segurança pública subnacionais.A análise apresenta aindaconclusões originais sobre o impacto, na criminalidade violenta, das transferências condicionais de renda (TCRs) para educação

Linking Local Government Discretion and Accountability in Decentralisation

Decentralisation offers significant opportunities to improve government accountability by exerting stronger pressures both from below (demand) and above (supply). The literature contains many examples, however, where the potential has not been realised, partly because decentralisation reforms have often been introduced without thinking through their accountability implications. Even when accountability is taken into account, the efforts tend to emphasise either the supply or the demand side of the equation, but not both. Drawing on the sets of literature on fiscal, administrative and political decentralisation, this article presents a methodology for studying this. Copyright (c) The Authors 2010. Journal compilation (c) 2010 Overseas Development Institute..

Workshop Concessões e Parcerias Público Privadas - Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento (BNDES)

Apresentações dos palestrantes convidados.Apresentações realizadas por palestrantes convidadosAdministração PúblicaPolíticas de InfraestruturaPolíticas Pública

Workshop Concessões e Parcerias Público Privadas - Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento (BNDES)

Apresentações dos palestrantes convidados.Apresentações realizadas por palestrantes convidadosAdministração PúblicaPolíticas de InfraestruturaPolíticas Pública