Median Distance Model for Likert-Type Items in Contingency Table Analysis

Likert-type items (questions) are a widely used scale in questionnaire design. The “neutral” or “undecided” option may lead to misinterpretation and confusion about the results. This paper proposes two novel log-linear models to measure how much accumulation of the neutral option over the contingency tables at any question levels. These models also test the odds that a respondent’s level how far from the median. These models will help the researchers how to incorporate the neutral option in conceptual frameworks

STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ABOUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TURKEY AND THE UNITED STATES: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

The aim of this study is to determine the thoughts of Turkish and American middle school students on science and technology. One intact school was assigned randomly for this study from both countries. The sampling of the study contains 479 students (363 Turkish students, 116 American students) from two countries aged between 11 and 13. The data for the study were obtained by using ROSE Survey. The results of the study revealed similarities and dissimilarities on science and technology between the students of the two countries. The findings of the study are thought to improve the education of universal science and technology and to contribute to the researchers doing research on comparative education and cultural diversity and to the literature of international science education.Keywords: curriculum and instruction, science education, middle school

Post-Hoc Comparison Tests for Odds Ratios

The null hypothesis of homogeneity of odds ratio across the strata is testedby several tests. When the null hypothesis is rejected, means at least one ofthe odds ratios signicantly diers from others. Post hoc tests are used afterthe null hypothesis of equality of groups is rejected. Those tests aim to revealthe true dierences between groups. In this paper, we propose post-hoc pro-cedures that control familywise type-I error. These procedures provide thehomogeneous subsets that appear in the same homogeneous subset that arenot signicantly dierent. The suggested procedures are applied to severalCOVID-19 data sets