Risk Factors And Antibiotic Use In Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia In Hospitalized Patients At Hacettepe University Adult And Oncology Hospitals (2004-2011) And Antimicrobial Susceptibilities Of The Isolates: A Nested Case-Control Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia cases who were followed at the Infectious Diseases Unit of Internal Medicine Department, at Hacettepe University Adult and Oncology Hospitals between January 2004-December 2011. A total of 198 patients, of them 99 had positive MRSA blood cultures (case group), and 99 without MRSA bacteremia (control group) who were selected randomly among patients at the same wards during the same time period, were included in the study. Demographic data, risk factors for MRSA bacteremia and antibiotic use of case (60 male, 39 female; mean age: 59.37 +/- 16.96 yrs) and control (60 male, 39 female; mean age: 59.11 +/- 17.60 yrs) groups were obtained from the patient files and the hospital data system and were compared. Methicillin susceptibility was determined by the cefoxitin (30 mu g, BD, USA) disc diffusion method and confirmed by mecA PCR test. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were also determined by disc diffusion and Etest (BioMerieux, France) methods according to CLSI guidelines. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to age, gender, presence of an underlying chronic disease, burn, hemodialysis, malignancy or immunosupression (p> 0.05). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that antibiotic use and parameters most likely to be associated with MRSA bacteremia (obesity, cerebrovascular event, hospitalization history, central/arterial catheter, presence of tracheostomy, invasive/non-invasive mechanical ventilation, use of proton pump inhibitors, H-2 receptor blockers, sucralfate, nasogastric or urinary tubes, gastrostomia, total parenteral nutrition, acute organ failure and surgical operation) were found to be statistically higher in the case group (p 0.05). All MRSA isolates were mecA gene positive (n= 99), the resistance rates for ciprofloxacin, rifampin, gentamicin, tetracyclin, cefoxitin, erythromycin and clindamycin were 95%, 95%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 71% and 36%, respectively. All of the isolates were found to be susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, VAN, TEC, tigecycline, linezolid and daptomycin. Mortality rates in patients who were infected with MRSA strains exhibiting vancomycin MIC value of 1.0 mu g/ml (n= 50) were 34.6% (17/49) and 60% (30/50), respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p= 0.012). Thus it was concluded that the mortality rate increased in patients infected with MRSA with high (> 1.0 mu g/ml) vancomycin MIC value. The results of this study indicated that obesity, presence of central venous catheter and nasogastric tube, and the use of H-2 receptor blockers, IPM, TZP and VAN were independent risk factors for MRSA bacteremia. This was the first study showing the relationship between increasing mortality and high vancomycin MIC values in MRSA bacteremia in Turkey.WoSScopusTr-Dizi

Full-mouth disinfection effects on gingival fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N-telopeptide of Type I collagen in severe periodontitis

Vural, Caner/0000-0003-1400-6377WOS: 000533449500007PubMed: 32023661Background To compare the effects of full-mouth disinfection (FMD) and full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) on clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters with conventional quadrant-wise scaling and root planning (Q-SRP) in severe chronic periodontitis. Methods in the present prospective randomized controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms (#NCT04038801), 60 chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to three study groups by a consecutive number in ascending order: FMD (n = 20), FMUD (n = 20), and Q-SRP (n = 20). All measurements and treatments were performed by the same investigator. At baseline, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were collected and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Ultrasonic debridement was completed within 24 hours in FMD and FMUD groups. Chlorhexidine gluconate was used for FMD. Q-SRP was performed by hand instruments per quadrant at 1-week-intervals. Clinical measurements and sampling were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Real-time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and total bacteria count. GCF Calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) levels were analyzed by ELISA. the changes of GCF biomarker levels after treatment between groups were the primary outcomes. Results No harm was observed. All treatment strategies resulted in significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P 0.05). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was significantly decreased in FMD compared to FMUD and Q-SRP at 6 months (P < 0.05). Although GCF NTx total amounts increased in all groups during the study period, this increase was less prominent in full-mouth groups at three time points after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Present results represent the short-term effects. Full-mouth treatment approaches offered limited beneficial effects on microbiological and biochemical parameters over quadrant-wise approach. All three treatment strategies can be recommended in the management of severe chronic periodontitis

Comparison of Fatal Injuries Resulting from Tractor and High Speed Motorcycle Accidents in Turkey: A Multicenter Study

Aim. Injuries are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world, and effective initial triage of these patients can determine the thin line between death and life. Tractor accidents and related injuries are significant problems particularly in rural areas. However, major trauma classification systems do not include tractor accidents as a criterion for trauma team activation or transportation of the patients to a trauma center. This study evaluated the general characteristics and outcomes of tractor accidents in comparison to motorcycle accidents, which are considered as a comparison criterion for major trauma. Materials and Methods. This is a multicenter study conducted in 6 emergency departments in 4 cities over a six month period. All cases over 18 years of age who were admitted to emergency service due to tractor or motorcycle accidents and meet the criteria were included in the study. The general characteristics and outcomes of both trauma types were compared to determine whether tractor accident should be considered as major traumas. Results. Eighty-eight patients had a tractor accident, and 339 patients had a motorcycle accident. The tractor accident victims were significantly younger (p<0.001), and the proportion of females was higher in this group (p=0.001). Glasgow coma score (p=0.062), revised trauma score (p=0.201), duration from incident to admission (p=0.481), and route of admission (p=0.810) were similar between both accident types. The rates of thoracic traumas (42% versus 23%, p<0.001) and spinal injuries (17% versus 5.9%, p=0.002) were significantly higher in tractor accidents. The hospitalization rates of the patients were significantly higher in tractor accidents (p=0.008). Conclusion. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that tractor accidents should be included in the criteria of ATLS major trauma classification system and trauma team activation procedures