GABAA receptors activate fish feeding behaviour via two distinct functional pathways

Benzodiazepines, acting through ionotropic receptor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA receptor, GABAR), were shown to modify feeding behaviour and increase appetite in humans and non-human subjects. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms which underlie connected short-term behavioural fluctuations are still unclear. In the present study, we used Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) as a model organism to research the impact of scantily explored benzodiazepine phenazepam (PNZ) on feeding behaviour and the related molecular mechanisms of PNZ action at single-cell and single-receptor levels. We found that the feeding activity of C. gibelio is under control of GABARs via two distinct mechanisms: orthosteric (triggered by GABA binding site) and allosteric (triggered by benzodiazepine binding site). PNZ displayed clear stimulatory effects on both mechanisms in GABA-dependent manner. On top of this, orthosteric and allosteric effects were found to be partially competitive, which leads to complex behavioural repercussions of conjoint effects of GABAR ligands.</jats:p

The regulatory role of GABAA receptor in Actinia equina nervous system and the possible effect of global ocean acidification

Open access via Springer Compact Agreement Acknowledgements This study was supported with Wellcome-ISSF award via the University of Aberdeen and the University of Aberdeen Pump-Priming award SF10237-52 for S. Sylantyev and with Improving Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea – Phase II (EMBLAS-II) ENPI/2013/313-169 grant for S. Snigirov.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Multi-target action of β-alanine protects cerebellar tissue from ischemic damage

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Prof. Lora Heisler (University of Aberdeen, UK) for valuable suggestions on the research strategy and to the personnel of the military unit 7420 of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for their service and support. Funding This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust Principal Fellowship (212251_Z_18_Z), Medical Research Council (MR/W019752/1), and European Commission NEUROTWIN grant (857562) to DR.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Sub-millisecond ligand probing of cell receptors with multiple solution exchange

The accurate knowledge of receptor kinetics is crucial to our understanding of cell signal transduction in general and neural function in particular. The classical technique of probing membrane receptors on a millisecond scale involves placing a recording micropipette with a membrane patch in front of a double-barrel (θ-glass) application pipette mounted on a piezo actuator. Driven by electric pulses, the actuator can rapidly shift the θ-glass pipette tip, thus exposing the target receptors to alternating ligand solutions. However, membrane patches survive for only a few minutes, thus normally restricting such experiments to a single-application protocol. In order to overcome this deficiency, we have introduced pressurized supply microcircuits in the θ-glass channels, thus enabling repeated replacement of application solutions within 10–15 s. this protocol, which has been validated in our recent studies and takes 20–60 min to implement, allows the characterization of ligand-receptor interactions with high sensitivity, thereby also enabling a powerful paired-sample statistical design

Improving the Derivative Pricing Paradigm in the Complicated Infrastructure Institutions Transformation Conditions of International Financial System

Досліджено нові післякризові фундаментальні чинники визначення цін похідних фінансових інструментів.New after crisis fundamental derivative pricing factors are researched

Artificial Intelligence models in solving Ill-posed Inverse problems of Remote Sensing GHG emission

Earth’s atmosphere and surface is undergoing rapid changes due to urbanization, industrialization and globalization. Environmental problems such as desertification, soil depletion, water shortages, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions warming the atmosphere, are increasingly significant and troubling consequences of human activities. UNEP forecast that under current policy, GHG emission will reach 60 gigatons CO2 per year by 2030. On the COP26 António Guterres said, what “We must accelerate climate action to keep alive the goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees”, and it is time to go “into emergency mode”. Before today a total of 33 relevant satellite missions with spectrometers like SAM, SAGE, GRILL, ATMOS, HALOE, POAM, GOMOS, MAESTRO was used for GHG monitoring capabilities from space underpinning the dynamic analysis and forecasting by solving ill-posed inverse problems on the bases GHG atmospheric measurement. Most of the practice science problems of atmospheric measurement emission gases are formally reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. When numerically solving the Fredholm integral equation of a first kind, with which ill-posed inverse problems are associated, most of the problems of forecasting the dynamics of greenhouse gas emission, and other problems of forecasting the dynamics of atmospheric gases are reduced to solving a system of algebraic equations. In most cases, direct calculation of the kernel function of the Fredholm integral equation is impossible due to the lack of information on the parameters of the interaction of the spectrometer with the atmospheric measurement environment. As a consequence, the algorithm for solving the inverse ill-posed problem associated with forecasting the dynamics of greenhouse gas emission can be based on the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence methods. Moreover, taking into account the stochastic nature of the behavior of both atmospheric parameters and the measurement errors of spectrometers in inverse ill-posed problems, it is necessary to search not a single solution, but the distribution of the probabilities of solutions

Hydrology and parasites : What divides the fish community of the lower Dniester and Dniester estuary into three?

Acknowledgments This research was carried out under the framework of research activities funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine(2003–2013) and European FP7 projects No. 226740 EnviroGrids (Building Capacity for a Black Sea Catchment Observation and Assessment System supporting Sustainable Development), No. 287600 PERSEUS “Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas”, TACIS CBC Programme Technical Assistance for Lower Dniester basin water management planning (2006–2007) and the "Cross-border cooperation and sustainable management in the Dniester River basin: Phase III - Implementation of the Action Programme", OSCE, UNEP (2011)Peer reviewedPublisher PD