Radio Proper Motions of Wolf-Rayet Stars

We present the analysis of observations taken from the Very Large Array archive of six Wolf-Rayet stars with radio emission, with the purpose of determining their proper motions. Typically, these observations cover periods of 10 to 20 years. To verify the method, we included WR 140 in the sample, finding that the proper motions determined by us are a few times more accurate than and consistent within noise with those of Hipparcos. The other five WR stars were not studied by Hipparcos and we report their proper motions for the first time. The proper motions for WR 145a = Cyg X-3 are consistent with the source being stationary with respect to its local standard of rest and suggest that the black hole in this binary system formed by direct collapse of a massive star, without expulsion of a supernova remnant.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

The determinants of social spending in Spain (1880-1960): Is Lindert right?

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the origins of the welfare state in Spain using the theoretical framework designed by Peter Lindert. With this aim, we offer an econometric analysis of the factors that determined the evolution of the Spanish social spending between 1880 and 1960. By using new quantitative evidence, we constructed a panel-data set divided in five years periods with the percentage of social spending disaggregated in three groups: health care, social security and welfare. Our analysis allows us to put the Spanish case within the international debate on the historical determinants of the welfare state. The results obtained highlight a number of interesting features specific to this country. On the one hand, Spanish social spending as a percentage of GDP remained relatively low compared to the figures recorded by other countries during the period under study. On the other hand, demographic factors played a determining role in the initial stages of the development of welfare state, while economic growth had a more ambiguous influence. The political and public finance variables also exercised some influence on the growth in public spending. However, globalisation was not a motivating force behind the welfare state in Spain.political economy, welfare state, public policy, spanish social policy, determinants of growth of public social spending

Phantom Drone

Abstract Nowadays, drones are considered to be the future of technology and transportation. The research about drones is increasing due to its market demand. Many improvements are being done in order to increase its performance. Our team, Phantoms, is also committed with this development. Phantom’s improvements will strive for efficiency, durability and security to the drone which is what the customer is looking for. Although drones are being used be used in fields like agriculture, photography or transport, the DJI Phantom 3 Standard Drone is more focused on recreative use. The drone is formed by four propellers (with their corresponding motors), a battery, a camera (with its supporting structure) and a curved body which is formed by two parts and put all the pieces together. Apart from that, the team has added some parts such as solar panel, lens protector, propeller’s protector and floaters. The overall management of the project has been successful. Productivity went well, considering how the members worked as a single unit; organization and communication being the reasons for success. It began with the design process, as each member chose parts and measured, which then led to sketching, before creating the parts on CATIA. There were 15 parts in total and divided evenly among the members. There were deadlines set for the parts, and goals were accomplished within the timeframes. We kept the original drone material, hard plastic and steel, almost identical to keep the low price and the durability. Our alterations all fit in very well into the simple drone. If we had a larger budget, instead of plastic, the material would be carbon fiber to improve durability and incase of impact, the drone will absorb shock better. However, the team consider that it was an overall success

El uso de Twitter por parte de actores armados: explicando la Renuencia de Hezbollah

En la tesis de Grado se analiza la naturaleza de la ideología de Hezbollah y como está determina la utilización de Twitter por parte de este grupo terrorista.The aim of the thesis is to analyse the influence of the ideology of a terrorist organization (i.e. Hezbollah) in the usage of a social network e.g. Twitte

Definition of price stability, range and point inflation targets: the anchoring of long-term inflation expectations

JEL Classification: E52, E61, E31, E42, E43credibility, definition of price stability, inflation, inflation expectations, nominal anchor