Botanical origin of the honey of Apis mellifera L. produced Guaremal Reservoir Basin, State Yaracuy, Venezuela

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el origen botánico de las mieles de Apis mellífera L.producidas en la cuenca del Embalse Guaremal (10º04´00´´y 69º 07´00´´), municipio Peña, estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Se colectan 60 muestras de miel en 60 colonias, durante el período 2007–2008, que fueron analizadas según técnicas palinológicas convencionales. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron la presencia de nueve familias apibotánicas, siendo las más representativas: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae y Urticaceae.This investigation had the objective of determining the botanical origin of Apis mellífera L. honeys produced in the Guaremal basin (10 º 04 ‘00’’ and 69 º 07’ 00’’) Peña County, Yaracuy State, Venezuela. 60 honey samples collected during 2007-2008 from 60 colonies were analyzed by palinological conventional techniques. The obtained results indicated the presence of nine apibotanical families, being: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Urticaceae the most representatives.Fil: Principal, Judith. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado"; VenezuelaFil: Morales, Yoel. Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos “Ezequiel Zamora"; VenezuelaFil: Fuselli, Sandra Rosa. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrini, María Celeste. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruffinengo, Sergio Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Eguaras, Martin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barrios, Carlos. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado"; Venezuel

A Three Year Study on 14 VOCs at One Site in Rome: Levels, Seasonal Variations, Indoor/Outdoor Ratio and Temporal Trends

Fourteen volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—twelve hydrocarbons and two organochlorine compounds—were monitored both outdoors and indoors for three years at one site in Rome. Results showed that 118 out of 168 indoor seasonal mean values were higher than the corresponding outdoor concentrations. The most relevant source of outdoor hydrocarbons was automotive exhaust emissions. Due to the enforcement of various measures to protect health and the environment, outdoor levels of monoaromatic hydrocarbons decreased about ten fold over 15 years, and aliphatic hydrocarbons also decreased. With the decrease in these outdoor concentrations, indoor air sources are likely to be more relevant for indoor air exposures. Winter outdoor values for monoaromatic hydrocarbons were generally markedly higher than the summer ones. The gradual replacement of the current fleet of circulating cars with new cars complying with EURO 5 standards, further reducing hydrocarbon emissions, may possibly lead to an increase in the observed indoor/outdoor ratios. It is indeed more difficult to remove indoor sources, some of which are still unknown

Relaxation of natural selection in the evolution of the giant lungfish genomes

Nonadaptive hypotheses on the evolution of eukaryotic genome size predict an expansion when the process of purifying selection becomes weak. Accordingly, species with huge genomes, such as lungfish, are expected to show a genome-wide relaxation signature of selection compared with other organisms. However, few studies have empirically tested this prediction using genomic data in a comparative framework. Here, we show that 1) the newly assembled transcriptome of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, is characterized by an excess of pervasive transcription, or transcriptional leakage, possibly due to suboptimal transcriptional control, and 2) a significant relaxation signature in coding genes in lungfish species compared with other vertebrates. Based on these observations, we propose that the largest known animal genomes evolved in a nearly neutral scenario where genome expansion is less efficiently constraine

A Three Year Study on 14 VOCs at One Site in Rome: Levels, Seasonal Variations, Indoor/Outdoor Ratio and Temporal Trends

Fourteen volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—twelve hydrocarbons and two organochlorine compounds—were monitored both outdoors and indoors for three years at one site in Rome. Results showed that 118 out of 168 indoor seasonal mean values were higher than the corresponding outdoor concentrations. The most relevant source of outdoor hydrocarbons was automotive exhaust emissions. Due to the enforcement of various measures to protect health and the environment, outdoor levels of monoaromatic hydrocarbons decreased about ten fold over 15 years, and aliphatic hydrocarbons also decreased. With the decrease in these outdoor concentrations, indoor air sources are likely to be more relevant for indoor air exposures. Winter outdoor values for monoaromatic hydrocarbons were generally markedly higher than the summer ones. The gradual replacement of the current fleet of circulating cars with new cars complying with EURO 5 standards, further reducing hydrocarbon emissions, may possibly lead to an increase in the observed indoor/outdoor ratios. It is indeed more difficult to remove indoor sources, some of which are still unknown

First Steps in the Aggregation Process of Copolymers Based on Thymine Monomers: Characterization by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study thestructure of isolated VBT−VBA (vinylbenzylthymine−vinylbenzyltriethylammoniumchloride) copolymer chains in water at different monomeric species ratios (1:1 and 1:4).The geometric parameters of the structure that the copolymers form in equilibrium together with the basic interactions that stabilize them were determined. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of dried diluted concentrations of the two copolymers onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates were carried out to study their aggregation arrangement. The experiments show that both copolymers arrange in fiber-like structures. Comparing the diameters predicted by the simulation results and those obtainedby AFM, it can be concluded that individual copolymers arrange in bunches of two chains, stabilized by contra-ions−copolymer interactions for the 1:1 copolymerization ratio at the ionic strength of our samples. In contrast, for the 1:4 system the individual copolymer chains do not aggregate in bunches. These results remark the relevance of the copolymerization ratio and ionic strength of the solvent in the mesoscopic structure of these materials.Fil: Garay, Alberto Sergio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues, Daniel Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Fuselli, Antonela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Debora Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Física del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Física del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Passeggi, Mario Cesar Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Física del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Física del Litoral; Argentin

Origen botánico de las mieles de Apis mellifera L. producidas en la cuenca del Embalse Guaremal, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela

This investigation had the objective of determining the botanical origin of Apis mellifera L. honeys produced in the Guaremal basin (10° 04 '00" and 69° 07' 00") Peña County, Yaracuy State, Venezuela. 60 honey samples collected during 2007-2008 from 60 colonies were analyzed by palinological conventional techniques. The obtained results indicated the presence of nine apibotanical families, being: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Urticaceae the most representatives.Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el origen botánico de las mieles de Apis mellifera L. producidas en la cuenca del Embalse Guaremal (10° 04' 00" y 69° 07' 00"), municipio Peña, estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Se colectan 60 muestras de miel en 60 colonias, durante el período 2007-2008, que fueron analizadas según técnicas palinológicas convencionales. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron la presencia de nueve familias apibotánicas, siendo las más representativas: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae y Urticaceae

Botanical origin of the honey of Apis mellifera L. produced Guaremal Reservoir Basin, State Yaracuy, Venezuela

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el origen botánico de las mieles de Apis mellífera L.producidas en la cuenca del Embalse Guaremal (10º04´00´´y 69º 07´00´´), municipio Peña, estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Se colectan 60 muestras de miel en 60 colonias, durante el período 2007–2008, que fueron analizadas según técnicas palinológicas convencionales. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron la presencia de nueve familias apibotánicas, siendo las más representativas: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae y Urticaceae.This investigation had the objective of determining the botanical origin of Apis mellífera L. honeys produced in the Guaremal basin (10 º 04 ‘00’’ and 69 º 07’ 00’’) Peña County, Yaracuy State, Venezuela. 60 honey samples collected during 2007-2008 from 60 colonies were analyzed by palinological conventional techniques. The obtained results indicated the presence of nine apibotanical families, being: Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Urticaceae the most representatives.Fil: Principal, Judith. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado"; VenezuelaFil: Morales, Yoel. Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos “Ezequiel Zamora"; VenezuelaFil: Fuselli, Sandra Rosa. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrini, María Celeste. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ruffinengo, Sergio Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Eguaras, Martin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barrios, Carlos. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado"; Venezuel