4,933 research outputs found
Investigating the Apparent Seismic Diffusivity of Near-Receiver Geology at Mount St. Helens Volcano, USA
Acknowledgments: The SAGES VALIDATE forum provided travel money for the discussion of the methodology within De Siena and Benson.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Multiple Regimes in Cross-Region Growth Regressions with Spatial Dependence: A Parametric and a Semi-parametric Approach
This paper studies the distribution dynamics of development across European regions over the period 1975-2000. Regional development is measured in terms of both per capita GDP (Y/P) and its components: labour productivity and employment ratio (that in turn can be decomposed in terms of activity and unemployment rate). The Core/Periphery pattern in the European Union is firstly investigated and a comparative analysis in terms of income, productivity, employment and unemployment rates of the two partitions is carried out. Moreover, for each variable as well as for each partition, a nonparametric beta convergence analysis is applied. Synthetically, the results confirm the lack of regional convergence in per capita incomes, the presence of a negative quasi-linear relationship between growth rates and initial levels of labour productivity and a U-shaped relationship between growth rates and initial levels of unemployment rates. As it is well known, however, b-convergence analysis does not allow any test of multiple equilibria, such as “emerging twin peaks”, in the growth process. Equilibrium multiplicity can be properly assessed by using nonparametric techniques of analysis of the cross-regional distribution. In particular, a way to quantify the intra-distribution dynamics is the multivariate kernel, which estimates the joint density of regional income, productivity and (un)employment distribution at time t0 and t0+t. The results of this analysis suggest that over the period considered the regional growth pattern in Europe has followed a polarisation process rather than a convergence path. This appears particularly true in the case of per capita incomes and unemployment rates. Finally, in order to “explain” polarisation, conditional multivariate kernels are estimated. In particular, the role of spatial contiguity and regional sectoral specialisation is investigated.
Effects of Increasing Doses of Intracoronary Adenosine on the Assessment of Fractional Flow Reserve
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing dose of intracoronary adenosine on fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement.BackgroundsFFR is a validated method for the assessment of the severity of coronary artery stenosis. It is based on the change in the pressure gradient across the stenosis after the achievement of maximal hyperemia of the coronary microcirculation that may be obtained by either intracoronary bolus or intravenous infusion of adenosine. No study has explored so far the effects of very high doses of intracoronary adenosine on FFR.MethodsFFR was assessed in 46 patients with 50 intermediate lesions during cardiac catheterization by pressure-recording guidewire (PrimeWire, Volcano, San Diego, California). FFR was calculated as the ratio of the distal coronary pressure to the aortic pressure at hyperemia. Increasing doses of adenosine were administrated (60, 120, 180, 360, and 720 μg) as intracoronary boluses. Exclusion criteria were: 1) allergy to adenosine; 2) baseline bradycardia (heart rate <50 beats/min); 3) hypotension (blood pressure <90 mm Hg); and 4) refusal to provide signed informed consent.ResultsHigh doses of intracoronary adenosine were well tolerated, with no major side effects. Increasing doses up to 720 μg progressively decreased FFR values and increased the percentage of patients showing an FFR <0.75. Among angiographic parameters, both percent stenosis and lesion length were independently associated with lower FFR values.ConclusionsThis study shows that high doses of intracoronary adenosine (up to 720 μg) increased the sensitivity of FFR in the detection of hemodynamically relevant coronary stenoses. Furthermore, lesion length and stenosis severity were independent angiographic determinants of FFR
Buenas prácticas para el desarrollo web
Una guía de buenas prácticas a tener en cuenta para el desarrollo seguro de aplicaciones web.Práctica profesional supervisada de la carrera Analista en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. Tutor: Matías Murieta.Facultad de Informátic
Numerically stable formulations of convective terms for turbulent compressible flows
A systematic analysis of the discrete conservation properties of
non-dissipative, central-difference approximations of the compressible
Navier-Stokes equations is reported. A general triple splitting of the
nonlinear convective terms is considered, and energy-preserving formulations
are fully characterized by deriving a two-parameter family of split forms.
Previously developed formulations reported in literature are shown to be
particular members of this family; novel splittings are introduced and
discussed as well. Furthermore, the conservation properties yielded by
different choices for the energy equation (i.e. total and internal energy,
entropy) are analyzed thoroughly. It is shown that additional preserved
quantities can be obtained through a suitable adaptive selection of the split
form within the derived family. Local conservation of primary invariants, which
is a fundamental property to build high-fidelity shock-capturing methods, is
also discussed in the paper. Numerical tests performed for the Taylor-Green
Vortex at zero viscosity fully confirm the theoretical findings, and show that
a careful choice of both the splitting and the energy formulation can provide
remarkably robust and accurate results
The Sunyaev-Zeldovich MITO Project
Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background radiation by electrons
in the hot gas in clusters of galaxies - the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - has
long been recognized as a uniquely important feature, rich in cosmological and
astrophysical information. We briefly describe the effect, and emphasize the
need for detailed S-Z and X-ray measurements of nearby clusters in order to use
the effect as a precise cosmological probe. This is the goal of the MITO
project, whose first stage consisted of observations of the S-Z effect in the
Coma cluster. We report the results of these observations.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of `Understanding our Universe at the close
of XXth century', School held Apr 25 - May 6 2000, Cargese, 16 pages LaTeX, 2
figures ps (using elsart.sty & elsart.cls), text minor revisio
Investigating the Apparent Seismic Diffusivity of Near-Receiver Geology at Mount St. Helens Volcano, USA
Numerical Simulations of Vorticity Banding of Emulsions in Shear Flows
Multiphase shear flows often show banded structures that affect the global
behavior of complex fluids e.g. in microdevices. Here we investigate
numerically the banding of emulsions, i.e. the formation of regions of high and
low volume fraction, alternated in the vorticity direction and aligned with the
flow (shear bands). These bands are associated with a decrease of the effective
viscosity of the system. To understand the mechanism of banding experimentally
observed we have performed interface resolved simulations of the two-fluid
system. The experiments were perfomed starting with a random distribution of
droplets which, under the applied shear, evolves in time resulting in a phase
separation. To numerically reproduce this process, the banded structures are
initialized in a narrow channel confined by two walls moving in opposite
direction. We find that the initial banded distribution is stable when droplets
are free to merge and unstable when coalescence is prevented. In this case,
additionally, the effective viscosity of the system increases, resembling the
rheological behavior of suspensions of deformable particles. Droplets
coalescence, on the other hand, allows emulsions to reduce the total surface of
the system and hence the energy dissipation associated to the deformation,
which in turn reduces the effective viscosity
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