Supplemental Figures - Supplemental material for Realizing the potential of real-time clinical collaboration in maternal–fetal and obstetric medicine through WhatsApp

<p>Supplemental material, Supplemental Figures for Realizing the potential of real-time clinical collaboration in maternal–fetal and obstetric medicine through WhatsApp by Sergio Carmona, Nada Alayed, Ali Al-Ibrahim and Rohan D’Souza in Obstetric Medicine</p

Supplemental material for Realizing the potential of real-time clinical collaboration in maternal–fetal and obstetric medicine through WhatsApp

<p>Supplemental Material for Realizing the potential of real-time clinical collaboration in maternal–fetal and obstetric medicine through WhatsApp by Sergio Carmona, Nada Alayed, Ali Al-Ibrahim and Rohan D’Souza in Obstetric Medicine</p

Head shaking does not alter vestibulo ocular reflex gain in vestibular migraine

Vestibular Migraine (VM) is the most common cause of non-positional episodic vestibular symptoms. Patients with VM commonly report increased motion sensitivity, suggesting that vestibular responses to head movement may identify changes specific to VM patients. Here we explore whether the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain alters in response to a clinical "headshake" maneuver in patients with VM. Thirty patients with VM in the inter-ictal phase, 16 patients with Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo (BPPV) and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Patients responded to the question "Do you feel sick reading in the passenger seat of a car?" and completed a validated motion sickness questionnaire as a measure of motion sensitivity. Lateral canal vHIT testing was performed before and after headshaking; the change in VOR gain was calculated as the primary outcome. Baseline VOR gain was within normal limits across all participants. There was no significant change in VOR gain after headshaking in any group (p = 0.264). Patients were 4.3 times more likely to be in the VM group than in the BPPV group if they reported nausea when reading in the passenger seat of a car. We postulate that a headshake stimulus may be insufficient to disrupt cortical interactions and induce a change in VOR gain. Alternatively, changes in VOR gain may only be apparent in the acute phase of VM. Reading in the passenger seat of a car was considered uncomfortable in all VM patients suggesting that this specific question may be useful for the diagnosis of VM

Demographics and clinical characteristics of 370 South African children failing a 1^st-line antiretroviral drug regimen.

<p>Demographics and clinical characteristics of 370 South African children failing a 1^st-line antiretroviral drug regimen.</p

Prevalence of resistance to protease inhibitors.

<p>Prevalence of susceptible (S, white), intermediate (I, grey) or high-level resistance (R, black) to PIs at failure of a PI-based (n = 93) regimen. Fifteen (15) children failing NNRTI-based regimens, with known prior exposure to PIs were included in this group. The numbers represent percentages. Abbreviations: IDV/r: boosted indinavir, TPV/r: boosted tipranavir, APV/r: boosted fosamprenavir, LPV/r: boosted lopinavir, SQV/r: boosted saquinavir, DRV/r: boosted darunavir, ATZ/r: boosted atazanavir, NFV/r: boosted nelfinavir.</p

Nucleoside/tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutation profiles.

<p>Nucleoside/tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutation profiles associated with failure to d4T- or ABC -based regimens are depicted in white and grey respectively. The numbers represent percentages.</p

Protease Inhibitor mutation profiles.

<p>Mutation profiles associated with failure to PIs are depicted in white, mutation profiles associated with failure to non-PI-based regimens are depicted in grey. The numbers represent percentages.</p

Prevalence of resistance to nucleoside/tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

<p>Prevalence of susceptible (S, solid bars), intermediate (I, striped bars) or high-level resistance (R, dotted bars) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) after exposure to an ABC containing regimen (n = 81, white) or d4T containing regimen (n = 273, grey). The numbers represent percentages. Abbreviations: ABC: abacavir, TDF: tenofovir, ddI: didanosine, d4T: stavudine, 3TC: lamivudine, FTC: emtricitabine, AZT: zidovudine.</p

Antiretroviral Treatment history of 370 children failing a 1^st-line antiretroviral drug regimen.

a<p>Abbreviations: ABC: abacavir, TDF: tenofovir, ddI: didanosine, d4T: stavudine, 3TC: lamivudine, AZT: zidovudine, NVP: nevirapine, EFV: efavirenz, LPV/r: boosted lopinavir, SQV/r: boosted saquinavir.</p>b<p>One patient had prior exposure to AZT+ddI+LPV/r.</p

Characteristics of patients in South Africa’s national HIV cohort stratified by province (<i>n =</i> 55,836).

<p>Characteristics of patients in South Africa’s national HIV cohort stratified by province (<i>n =</i> 55,836).</p