Bioindication of Surface Water of Fish Ponds and Streams for the Dynamics of Phosphatase Activity in Hepatopancreas of Aquatic Organisms

Bioindication allows monitoring the ecological state of rivers and ponds. It is the mechanism of the environmental effect on aquatic organisms that the dynamics of interior parameters makes it possible to determine the type of the effect, single emergency or retrospective, even if the environmental damage to surface waters was caused a long time ago. Due to this, the efficiency of taking timely measures to clean toxic water is high. The use of the dynamics of phosphatase activity in hepatopancreas of Unio pictorum mollusks as a test reaction is true to present the picture of pollution. In a case of short-term pollution by household or agricultural wastewater, an increase in the activity of phosphatase in the hepatopancreas of mollusks by 1.5 units/g of protein after 12 hours and by 0.8 units/g of protein after 18 hours was noted, etc. As a result of studies, test responses of mollusks allowed graphs to be constructed to determine the toxicity of the environment. They are proposed for preventive work to identify contamination of fish ponds and streams used for watering of farm animals

Justification of parameters of vehicles with elastic partitions for transporting potatoes

Elastic partitions have been developed to be installed in the body of a vehicle and allowing to reduce damage to tubers when unloading by reducing the speed and, accordingly, the interaction of potatoes with the working surfaces of the machine and neighboring tubers. A mathematical model of a device for transporting and unloading root crops has been developed, taking into account the physical properties of root crops, the physical and geometric characteristics of the container and elastic partitions, as well as the parameters of the unloading process. As a result of comparative field tests of a serial MAZ 5516 truck body and an experimental MAZ 5516 truck body with installed transverse partitions, it was found that the use of the developed elastic transverse partitions reduces damage to potato tubers from 5.3% to 2.9%

Reducing the severity of a traffic accident

Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of road accidents is an urgent task. Mortality on roads is constantly increasing and it is necessary to ensure an integrated approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of guardrails designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway and the development of crash cushions. Guardrails should not only be safe for road users, but should also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after crashing it. Conducted analytical studies have shown that to reduce the mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop guardrails that allows capturing shock energy at the moment of contact between the car and the guardrails. The considered design of the crash cushion provides a damping effect when the car crashes the guardrails and at the same time limit the ability to move its elements relative to the original position. This is achieved by using several materials with different strength characteristics in the design of the guardrails, which contributes to its gradual destruction in several stages and smooth energy dissipation

Theoretical study of unloading the body of vehicles equipped with elastic partitions

For transporting potatoes, it is proposed to equip the vehicle with elastic partitions. Elastic partitions are formed by tubes of elastic material and can rotate around the axis of the transverse partition. A model has been developed that allows one to take into account a large number of parameters of root crops, a vehicle body, elastic partitions, parameters of the unloading process, and also calculate the main indicators of the efficiency of unloading root crops. As a result of optimization, it has been found that the optimal length of the elastic tube is 1.58 m (when the height of the vehicle body is 1.60 m), the optimal coefficient of bending stiffness of the tube is 0.9 kN/m2. At the same time, the unloading time will be less than 11.5 s and the share of damaged root crops will be less than 4.0%

Аnalysis of underflowing of residential areas and protection from urban groundwater

The article discusses the main provisions for the protection of urban buildings from groundwater and the main causes of flooding of residential areas. Also known and proposed by us ways of solving the problem are analyzed. In recent years, intensive construction has been going on in areas that were previously considered unsuitable for construction: wetlands, floodplains of rivers and streams, ravines, etc. without deep study of changes in the hydrological regime of the adjacent territory. Activities are offered in flooded areas: elimination of the causes of flooding - channel lining; sealing of water pipes and collectors, installation of storm sewers; sealing of buried structures: basement walls, foundations; drainage - lowering groundwater to a safe depth. With our participation, a drainage system has been developed, with drainage water diversion to the floodplain of the Oka River

Substantiation of technical and operational characteristics of the device to sort corn cobs

The paper presents a method to substantiate the technical and technological parameters of the device to sort corn cobs, which takes into account the biometric and physical-mechanical properties of the treated plant objects. The method of basic parameters substantiation involves determining the overall dimensions of the device, the geometric and technological parameters of the working bodies, as well as the energy for operation