Истоки «причастодетия» в Грамматике Мелетия Смотрицкого (1619–1648)

This paper aims to determine the status of the category of “prichastodetie” (Gerundivum) proposed by M. Smotritsky in his “Slavonic Grammar” relying on both the data of the history of linguistic theories and the data of the historical grammar of the Russian literary language. For this purpose, the grammars and the elements of their content which served as sources of Smotritsky's Grammar are identified, the real linguistic basis of the description of the Slavonic “gerundives” is determined; the most acceptable hypothesis of the formation of the complex simplified suffix -tel’n- is developed; the formation of verbal derivatives in -tel’n- is shown. Of the three types of meaning of the formations with the suffix -teln, identified by V. V. Vinogradov, in texts the most productive is not the passive, but the active type of meaning, the relative type retains better than the others close links with the verb and prevents the passage of Slavonic “gerundives” to the rank of qualitative adjectives. Lexicography describes lexicalized cases and obscures the primary meaning of the prichastodeties, which coincides with the meaning of the verb from which they are derived. Genetically, the initial morphological form of the prichastodetie is the form in -tel’no, from which the pronominal forms of the prichastodetie are formed, capable of passing into qualitative adjectives in -tel’nyi, and it itself gravitates towards the category of state and the attributive adverb, but does not merge with it as long as it continues to express a secondary verb action. The growth of prichastodeties occurs since the 14th century to our time, first in church texts and translations, then in original secular texts. Best of all the prichastodetie is represented in the “Hellenic-Slavonic” style. Smotritsky can rightfully be called the main figure in the prehistory of the discovery of the category of state in the twentieth century. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.03Статья посвящена определению статуса предложенной Мелетием Смотрицким категории причастодетия на основе данных как истории грамматических учений, так и исторической грамматики русского литературного языка. С этой целью нами выявлен круг грамматик и элементов их содержания, послуживших источниками Грамматики Смотрицкого; определена реальная речевая основа грамматического описания причастодетия; разработана наиболее приемлемая гипотеза становления сложного опрощенного форманта -тельн-; показано становление отглагольных производных на -тельн-. Из трех типов значения образований с суффиксом -тельн-, выделенных В. В. Виноградовым, в текстах наиболее продуктивен не пассивный, а активный тип значения, относительный тип лучше других сохраняет тесные связи с глаголом и препятствует «окачествлению». Лексикография описывает лексикализованные случаи и затемняет первичное значение причастодетий, совпадающее со значением глагола, от которого они образованы. Генетически исходной морфологической формой причастодетия является ~тельно, от которой образуются местоименные формы причастодетий, способные переходить в качественные прилагательные на -тельный, а сама она тяготеет к категории состояния и определительному наречию, но не сливается с ним до тех пор, пока продолжает выражать побочное глагольное действие. Рост причастодетий происходит с XIV в. по наше время, первоначально в церковных и переводных, а затем и в светских и оригинальных памятниках письменности. Лучше всего причастодетия представлены в «еллино-славянском» стиле. Смотрицкого можно по праву назвать основной фигурой предыстории открытия категории состояния в ХХ в. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2023.1.0

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