Systematics of heavy quarkonia from Regge trajectories on (n,M2)(n,M^2) and (M2,J)(M^2,J) planes

In this paper we show that heavy quarckonium states, similar to light mesons, form Regge trajectories in $(n,M^2)$ and $(M^2,J)$ planes and the slope of these trajectories is independent on the quantum numbers of the mesons. This fact can be useful for the prediction of the masses of heavy quarkonia and the determination of the quantum numbers of the newly discovered states.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; some refrences are added, comparison with QCD sum rules result is presente

The trypanosome transcriptome is remodelled during differentiation but displays limited responsiveness within life stages.

BACKGROUND: Trypanosomatids utilise polycistronic transcription for production of the vast majority of protein-coding mRNAs, which operates in the absence of gene-specific promoters. Resolution of nascent transcripts by polyadenylation and trans-splicing, together with specific rates of mRNA turnover, serve to generate steady state transcript levels that can differ in abundance across several orders of magnitude and can be developmentally regulated. We used a targeted oligonucleotide microarray, representing the strongly developmentally-regulated T. brucei membrane trafficking system and approximately 10% of the Trypanosoma brucei genome, to investigate both between-stage, or differentiation-dependent, transcriptome changes and within-stage flexibility in response to various challenges. RESULTS: 6% of the gene cohort are developmentally regulated, including several small GTPases, SNAREs, vesicle coat factors and protein kinases both consistent with and extending previous data. Therefore substantial differentiation-dependent remodeling of the trypanosome transcriptome is associated with membrane transport. Both the microarray and qRT-PCR were then used to analyse transcriptome changes resulting from specific gene over-expression, knockdown, altered culture conditions and chemical stress. Firstly, manipulation of Rab5 expression results in co-ordinate changes to clathrin protein expression levels and endocytotic activity, but no detectable changes to steady-state mRNA levels, which indicates that the effect is mediated post-transcriptionally. Secondly, knockdown of clathrin or the variant surface glycoprotein failed to perturb transcription. Thirdly, exposure to dithiothreitol or tunicamycin revealed no evidence for a classical unfolded protein response, mediated in higher eukaryotes by transcriptional changes. Finally, altered serum levels invoked little transcriptome alteration beyond changes to expression of ESAG6/7, the transferrin receptor. CONCLUSION: While trypanosomes regulate mRNA abundance to effect the major changes accompanying differentiation, a given differentiated state appears transcriptionally inflexible. The implications of the absence of a transcriptome response in trypanosomes for both virulence and models of life cycle progression are discussed.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

About the Poisson Structure for D4 Spinning String

The model of D4 open string with non-Grassmann spinning variables is considered. The non-linear gauge, which is invariant both Poincar\'e and scale transformations of the space-time, is used for subsequent studies. It is shown that the reduction of the canonical Poisson structure from the original phase space to the surface of constraints and gauge conditions gives the degenerated Poisson brackets. Moreover it is shown that such reduction is non-unique. The conseption of the adjunct phase space is introduced. The consequences for subsequent quantization are discussed. Deduced dependence of spin $J$ from the square of mass $\mu^2$ of the string generalizes the ''Regge spectrum`` for conventional theory.Comment: 23 page

α-aminophosphonates and imines on the basis of citral, citronellal, and (-)-myrtenal

The Kabachnik-Fields reaction of citral with dialkyl phosphites in the presence alkyl amines; the imine formation reaction of E,Z-citral, R,S-citronellal, and (R)-(-)-myrtenal with primary amines; and Pudovik reactions of prenyl imines obtained with dialkyl phosphites or with O,O-dialkyl trimethylsilylphosphites were studied. On the basis of these studies, new unsaturated prenyl imines and α-aminophosphonates were prepared. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Chiral Salts of Phosphorus Dithioacids Based on Quinine

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Reactions of quinine with dithioacids based on (1R)-endo-(+)-fenchol, (1S)-endo-(–)-borneol, and (S)-(–)-menthol have afforded optically active quinine salts. Chiral diquinine salts have been obtained in the reactions of quinine with bisthiophosphonic acids based on triethylene glycol and resorcinol

Glueballs and the Pomeron

Glueballs are considered to be bound states of constituent gluons. Relativistic wave equation for two massive gluons interacting by the funnel-type potential is analyzed. Using two exact asymptotic solutions of the equation, we derive an interpolating mass formula and calculate glueball masses in agreement with the lattice data. We obtain the complex non-linear Pomeron trajectory, $\alpha_P(t)$, in the whole region of $t$. The real part of the trajectory corresponds to the soft Pomeron, parameters of which are found from the fit of recent HERA data.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; The X international school-seminar on the actual problems of microword physics Gomel (Belarus), July 15-16, 200

Substantiation of the criteria for evaluating of the quality of restoring distorted images for the iterative algorithm in correlation detection systems

В статье проведен анализ критериев качества оценки изображений, подверженных искажениям типа «смаз» и «дефокусировка». Обоснован критерий оценки качества процесса восстановления, определяемый как степень сходства гистограммы градиентов восстановленного изображения с распределением градиентов яркости, полученным априорно

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ КРИТЕРИЯ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ИСКАЖЕННЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ИТЕРАЦИОННОГО АЛГОРИТМА В СИСТЕМАХ КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННОГО ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ

The analysis of quality criteria for evaluating images susceptible subjected to distortions such as «blur» and «defocusing» has been carried out. The criterion for assessing the quality of the recovery process, defined as the degree of similarity of the histogram of the gradients of the reconstructed image with the distribution of brightness gradients obtained a priori, was substantiated.В статье проведен анализ критериев качества оценки изображений, подверженных искажениям типа «смаз» и «дефокусировка». Обоснован критерий оценки качества процесса восстановления, определяемый как степень сходства гистограммы градиентов восстановленного изображения с распределением градиентов яркости, полученным априорно

The effectiveness of growth-friendly systems in the treatment of early onset scoliosis: a systematic review

Objective. To perform a systematic analysis of the literature evaluating the effectiveness of growth-friendly systems in the treatment of early onset scoliosis. Material and Methods. A subject search was conducted in the Google Scholar database for the terms “growing rods”, “early onset scoliosis”, “treatment”, “surgery” and “growth-friendly” using AND or OR logical operators with a search depth of 10 years. At the first stage, 824 abstracts of publications were selected. The second stage of search was carried out in accordance with the PICOS criteria, 38 abstracts of original studies, case series and reviews of surgical techniques for spinal deformity correction with preservation of growth potential were selected. The evaluation criteria were divided into four groups: general data, correction of the frontal and sagittal components of the deformity, complications and unplanned scenarios. Results. In the analyzed studies, gender equality of distribution was observed, and the average age at the time of the primary operation was 6.6 years for patients with traditional growing rods (TGR) and Schilla/Luque trolley and 4.9 years for patients with Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR). From the point of view of the magnitude of spinal deformity correction, the VEPTR systems demonstrated the minimum result (18 % correction), and the TGR and Schilla results were comparable (42.1 and 53.1 %, respectively), as well as the indicators of the dynamics of body lengthening. Conclusion. The use of VEPTR systems is associated with a high risk of complications and a somewhat lower efficiency of spinal deformity correction, however, VEPTR is indispensable in the treatment of thoracic insufficiency syndrome, as well as severe deformities of the axial skeleton in young children using non-vertebral fixation points. Growth modulation systems (Schilla and Luque trolley) showed deformity correction results similar to those of TGR