45 research outputs found
Causal Relationships between Eruptive Prominences and Coronal Mass Ejections
A close association between eruptive prominences and CMEs, both slow and fast
CMEs, was reported in many studies. Sometimes it is possible to follow the
material motion starting from the prominence (filament) activation to the CME
in the high corona. Remnants of the prominence were found in the bright core of
CMEs. However, detailed comparisons of the two phenomena reveal problems in
explaining CMEs as a continuation of filament eruptions in the upper corona.
For example, the heliolatitudes of the disappeared filaments and subsequent
coronal ejections sometimes differ by tens of degrees. In order to clear up the
problems of EP-CME association we tentatively analyse the more general question
of the dynamics of a magnetic flux rope. Prominences and filaments are the best
tracers of the flux ropes in the corona long before the beginning of the
eruption. A twisted flux rope is held by the tension of field lines of
photospheric sources until parameters of the system reach critical values and a
catastrophe happens. We suggest that the associated flux rope height above the
photosphere is one of these parameters and it is revealed by the height of the
filament. 80 filaments were analysed and we found that eruptive prominences
were near the so-called limit of stability a few days before their eruptions.
We suggest that a comparison of the real heights of prominences with the
calculated critical heights from magnetograms could be systematically used to
predict filament eruptions and the corresponding CMEs.Comment: 20 pages and 8 figures Invited paper presented at SoHO-20 in Gent
(Aug. 2007), in press in Ann. Geophysica
Refraction and scattering in the atmosphere of the planet Venus: The Lomonossov arc
The main observations of 1761 by M. Lomonossov and those that followed are
recalled by extending the discussion to other remarkable visual observations of
the passages, then with more and more powerful imagers producing images in
profusion. The modern treatment of parasitic effects is briefly recalled by
focusing on the expert observation of 1761 which has recently been widely
commented on and criticized. It included a spurious effect called the "black
drop effect". The shell or aureole or atmospheric ring of Venus observed
outside the solar disk is considered with reference to the today parameters of
the Venus atmosphere. The contacts during the transit are discussed taking into
account effects of scattering, absorption and the dominant effects of the
refraction at the small angular distances found to be comparable to a fraction
of the angular dimension of the planet. Modern observations of the 2004 and the
2012 transit are tentatively discussed to elucidate what is the arc of
Lomonossov?Comment: 40 pages, 14 Figures. For the special issue on "Refraction
atmospherique et astronomie" of the Compte-Rendus Physique Acad. Sc. Paris,
Ed. L. Dettwiller and P. L\'en
Proper Motions of Sunspots' Umbral Dots at High Temporal and Spatial Resolution
To deepen the analysis of the photometric properties of the umbra of a
sunspot, we study proper motions of small features such as umbral dots (UDs)
inside a single sunspot observed by the Solar Optical Telescope of Hinode close
to the disk center. We consider horizontal flows with high precision and
details to study the transient motion behavior of UDs in short time intervals.
Blue continuum images were first deconvolved with the point-spread function,
such that the stray light is precisely removed and the original resolution is
improved. Several images were co-added to improve the signal-to-noise ratio,
keeping a reasonable temporal resolution and checking that the results are
reproducible. The Fourier local correlation tracking technique is applied to
the new corrected time sequence of images, and horizontal velocity maps were
obtained both for the whole umbra and for a high-resolution small region of the
umbra to study the smallest details of the velocity fields. We used two
different Gaussian tracking windows (0.8arcsec and 0.2arcsec), which reveals
two types of horizontal motions for umbral features. First, a global inner
penumbra and peripheral umbra inward motion directed to the central parts is
revealed as an overall proper motion of bright peripheral fine structures.
Second, motions matching small cells inside the darkest parts of the umbra with
apparent sink and source areas are revealed, suggesting possible upflows and
downflows appearing in different bright and dark locations without a definite
answer regarding their brightness identification with a convective or a buoyant
cell
Spectral atlases of the Sun from 3980 to 7100 {\AA} at the center and at the limb
In this work, we present digital and graphical atlases of spectra of both the
solar disk-center and of the limb near the Solar poles using data taken at the
UTS-IAP & RIAAM (the University of Tabriz Siderostat, telescope and
spectrograph jointly developed with the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris and
Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha). High resolution
and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)CCD-slit spectra of the sun for 2 different
parts of the disk, namely for ~=~1.0 (solar center) \& for ~=~ 0.3
solar limb) are provided and discussed. While there are several spectral
atlases of the solar disk-center, this is the first spectral atlas ever
produced for the solar limb at this spectral range. The resolution of the
spectra is about \emph{R}~~70 000 (~~0.09 {\AA} with
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 400600. The full atlas covers the 3980 to
7100 {\AA} spectral regions and contains 44 pages with three partial spectra of
the solar spectrum put on each page to make it compact. The difference spectrum
of the normalized solar disk-center and the solar limb is also included in the
graphic presentation of the atlas to show the difference of line profiles,
including far wings. The identification of the most significant solar lines is
included in the graphic presentation of the atlas. Telluric lines are producing
a definite signature on the difference spectra which is easy to notice. At the
end of this paper we present only two sample pages of the whole atlas while the
graphic presentation of the whole atlas along with its ASCII file can be
accessed via the ftp server of the CDS in Strasbourg via anonymous ftp to
cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via this link
\footnote{\url{http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/other/ApSS}}.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap&SS journal. 11 pages, 10 figures. The
full atlas can be accessed via
http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/other/ApS
Oscillations in solar Jets Observed with the SOT of Hinode: Viscous Effects during Reconnection
Transverse oscillatory motions and recurrence behavior in the chromospheric
jets observed by Hinode/SOT are studied. A comparison is considered with the
behavior that was noticed in coronal X-ray jets observed by Hinode/XRT. A jet
like bundle observed at the limb in Ca II H line appears to show a magnetic
topology that is similar to X-ray jets (i.e., the Eiffel tower shape). The
appearance of such magnetic topology is usually assumed to be caused by
magnetic reconnection near a null point. Transverse motions of the jet axis are
recorded but no clear evidence of twist is appearing from the highly processed
movie. The aim is to investigate the dynamical behavior of an incompressible
magnetic X-point occurring during the magnetic reconnection in the jet
formation region. The viscous effect is specially considered in the closed
line-tied magnetic X-shape nulls. We perform the MHD numerical simulation in
2-D by solving the visco-resistive MHD equations with the tracing of velocity
and magnetic field. A qualitative agreement with Hinode observations is found
for the oscillatory and non-oscillatory behaviors of the observed solar jets in
both the chromosphere and the corona. Our results suggest that the viscous
effect contributes to the excitation of the magnetic reconnection by generating
oscillations that we observed at least inside this Ca II H line cool solar jet
bundle.Comment: 17 pages, 7 fugure
The 3D behavior of a twisted flux tube expanding in the corona: reconnection, writhe and jets
We discuss some aspects of magnetic reconnection which could help in
understanding many aspects of magnetic plasma interactions. We will show that
the helical structure often observed in polar jets is a natural consequence of
magnetic helicity conservation in 3D reconnection driven by a collision of two
parts of an emerging flux tube within the single emerged loop. We perform 3D
simulations by solving the time-dependent, ideal MHD equations with a uniform
initial twist. We deduce that the emergence of highly twisted magnetic flux
introduces several null points, which in turn causes reconnection between
opposite directions of magnetic field within a single loop at nearest part and
the release of the trapped twist in the form of a helical jet-like emission.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figures, accepted to publish in IEEE Special Issue -
Images in Plasma Science 201