Cardiovascular profile of the calcium sensitizer EMD 57033 in open-chest anaesthetized pigs with regionally stunned myocardium

1. Ca(2+) sensitizers enhance systolic function, but may impair relaxation in vitro; these effects may differ in stunned and normal myocardium. We therefore studied the effect of EMD 57033 on systolic and diastolic function of normal and stunned porcine myocardium in vivo. 2. Myocardial stunning by 15 min coronary occlusion and 30 min reperfusion abolished systolic shortening (SS) (baseline 13±1%) and decreased end-systolic elastance (E(es)) from 67±7 to 47±5 mmHg mm(−1) (both P<0.05). Maximum rate of fall of myocardial elastance (dE/dt(min)) decreased from −850±100 to −320±30 mmHg mm(−1) s(−1), while the time constant τ(e) of the decay of elastance increased from 58±3 to 68±6 ms (both P<0.05). End-diastolic elastance (E(ed)) was unchanged although the zero pressure intercept (L(0,ed)) had increased. 3. In the stunned region, EMD 57033 (0.2 mg kg(−1) min(−1) for 60 min, i.v., n=7) increased SS to 19±2%, E(es) to 287±40 mmHg mm(−1), dE/dt(min) to −3630±640 mmHg mm(−1) s(−1) and decreased τ(e) to 50±3 ms, while E(ed) remained unchanged. In the normal region, EMD 57033 increased SS from 14±2 to 18±3%, E(es) from 59±4 to 263±23 mmHg mm(−1), dE/dt(min) from −480±70 to −2280±700 mmHg mm(−1) s(−1) and decreased τ(e) from 91±12 to 61±3 ms (all P<0.05), while E(ed) remained unchanged. These responses were minimally affected by adrenoceptor blockade (n=7). Vehicle (n=7) had no effect on either region. 4. EMD 57033 increased cardiac output (up to 27±8%) and LVdP/dt(max) (86±19%). Mean aortic pressure decreased (19±7%) due to systemic vasodilation that was not amenable to blockade of adrenoceptors or NO synthesis. 5. In conclusion, EMD 57033 restored systolic and diastolic function of stunned myocardium, and produced similar improvements in systolic and diastolic function in normal myocardium