Profiling a set of personality traits of text author: what our words reveal about us

Authorship profiling, i.e. revealing information about an unknown author by analyzing their text, is a task of growing importance. One of the most urgent problems of authorship profiling (AP) is selecting text parameters which may correlate to an author’s personality. Most researchers’ selection of these is not underpinned by any theory. This article proposes an approach to AP which applies neuroscience data. The aim of the study is to assess the probability of self-destructive behaviour of an individual via formal parameters of their texts. Here we have used the “Personality Corpus”, which consists of Russian-language texts. A set of correlations between scores on the Freiburg Personality Inventory scales that are known to be indicative of self-destructive behaviour (“Spontaneous Aggressiveness”, “Depressiveness”, “Emotional Lability”, and “Composedness”) and text variables (average sentence length, lexical diversity etc.) has been calculated. Further, a mathematical model which predicts the probability of self-destructive behaviour has been obtained

Molecular beam epitaxy of metamorphic buffer for InGaAs/InP photodetectors with high photosensitivity in the range of 2.2–2.6 um

The present work is concerned with finding optimal technological conditions for the synthesis of heterostructures with a metamorphic buffer for InGaAs/InP photodetectors in the wavelength range of 2.2–2.6 um using molecular beam epitaxy. Three choices of buffer structure differing in design and growth parameters were proposed. The internal structure of the grown samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental data analysis has shown that the greatest degree of elastic strain relaxation in the InGaAs active layer was achieved in the sample where the metamorphic buffer formation ended with a consecutive increase and decrease in temperature. The said buffer also had InAs/InAlAs superlattice inserts. The dislocation density in this sample turned out to be minimal out of three, which allowed us to conclude that the described heterostructure configuration appears to be the most appropriate for manufacturing of short wavelength infrared range pin-photodetectors with high photosensitivity

Study of semi-polar gallium nitride grown on m-sapphire by chloride vapor-phase epitaxy

In this study, we analyzed the result of the influence of the non-polar plane of a sapphire substrate on the structural, morphological, and optical properties and Raman scattering of the grown epitaxial GaN film. It was found that selected technological conditions for the performed chloride-hydride epitaxy let us obtain the samples of structurally qualitative semi-polar wurtzite gallium nitride with (11¯22) orientation on m-sapphire. Using a set of structural and spectral methods of analysis the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the films were studied and the value of residual bi-axial stresses was determined. A complex of the obtained results means a high structural and optical quality of the epitaxial gallium nitride film. Optimization of the applied technological technique in the future can be a promising approach for the growth of the qualitative GaN structures on m-sapphire substrates

Effect of Exo/Endogenous Prophylaxis Dentifrice/Drug and Cariogenic Conditions of Patient on Molecular Property of Dental Biofilm: Synchrotron FTIR Spectroscopic Study

(1) Objectives: This study is the first one to investigate the molecular composition of the dental biofilm during the exogenous and endogenous prophylaxis stages (use of dentifrice/drug) of individuals with different cariogenic conditions using molecular spectroscopy methods. (2) Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 participants (50 males and 50 females), aged 18–25 years with different caries conditions. Biofilm samples were collected from the teeth surface of all participants. The molecular composition of biofilms was investigated using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Changes in the molecular composition were studied through calculation and analysis of ratios between organic and mineral components of biofilm samples. (3) Results: Based on the data obtained by synchrotron FTIR, calculations of organic and mineral component ratios, and statistical analysis of the data, we were able to assess changes occurring in the molecular composition of the dental biofilm. Variations in the phosphate/protein/lipid, phosphate/mineral, and phospholipid/lipid ratios and the presence of statistically significant intra- and inter-group differences in these ratios indicate that the mechanisms of ion adsorption, compounds and complexes arriving from oral fluid into dental biofilm during exo/endogenous prophylaxis, differ for patients in norm and caries development. (4) Conclusions: The conformational environment and charge interaction in the microbiota and the electrostatic state of the biofilm protein network in patients with different cariogenic conditions play an important role. (5) Clinical Significance: Understanding the changes that occur in the molecular composition of the dental biofilm in different oral homeostasis conditions will enable successful transition to a personalised approach in dentistry and high-tech healthcare

Assessing the Level of Stability of Idiolectal Features across Modes, Topics and Time of Text Production

Authorship attribution, i.e. task of revealing the author of a disputed text, is one of challenging issues facing digital forensics. Cross-domain authorship attribution when training and test texts differ in genres, topics and even modes (written/oral) is the most realistic, yet the most difficult scenario. All authorship attribution studies rely on the notion of an idiolect, which is a set of stable features, despite the fact that there are few studies exploring the stability of idiolectal features. The aim of the paper is to reveal the effect of mode, topics and time of text production on the stability of idiolectal features across a series of experiments. Our pilot study revealed that a mode change (written/oral) causes the most striking differences in text parameters in comparison to a topic and time of production although some features (namely, relative frequencies of certain discourse markers) remain relatively stable in all experimental setups. We conclude that the corpus containing diverse types of texts from each individual is needed for thoroughly examining the stability of idiolectal features and developing cross-domain attribution techniques to be employed in realistic scenarios

Investigation of the Effect of Nanocrystalline Calcium Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite and L-Lysine and L-Arginine Surface Interactions on the Molecular Properties of Dental Biomimetic Composites

Differences in the surface interactions of non-stoichiometric nanocrystalline B-type carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (n-cHAp) with the amino acids L-Lysine hydrochloride (L-LysHCl) and L-Arginine hydrochloride (L-ArgHCl) in acidic and alkaline media were determined using structural and spectroscopic analysis methods. The obtained data confirm that hydroxyapatite synthesized using our technique, which was used to develop the n-cHAp/L-LysHCl and n-cHAp/L-ArgHCl composites, is nanocrystalline. Studies of molecular composition of the samples by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under the change in the charge state of L-Lysine in environments with different alkalinity are consistent with the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, as evidenced by the redistribution of the modes’ intensities in the spectra that is correlated with the side chains, i.e., amide and carboxyl groups, of the amino acid. During the formation of a biomimetic composite containing L-Lysine hydrochloride and n-cHAp, the interaction occurred through bonding of the L-Lysine side chain and the hydroxyl groups of hydroxyapatite, which created an anionic form of L-Lysine at pH ≤ 5. In contrast, in biocomposites based on L-Arginine and n-cHAp, the interaction only slightly depends on pH value, and it proceeds by molecular orientation mechanisms. The X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy results confirm that changes in the molecular composition of n-cHAp/L-ArgHCl biomimetic composites are caused by the electrostatic interaction between the L-ArgHCl molecule and the carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite. In this case, the bond formation was detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; the vibrational modes attributed to the main carbon chain and the guanidine group of L-Arginine are shifted during the interaction. The discovered interaction mechanisms between nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite that has physicochemical properties characteristic of the apatite in human dental enamel and specific amino acids are important for selecting the formation conditions of biomimetic composites and their integration with the natural dental tissue

The investigations of changes in mineral–organic and carbon–phosphate ratios in the mixed saliva by synchrotron infrared spectroscopy

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the saturation of mixed saliva by mineral complexes and groups necessary for the remineralisation of tooth enamel using exogenous and endogenous methods of caries prevention.Using IR spectroscopy and high-intensity synchrotron radiation, changes in the composition of the human mixed saliva were identified when exogenous and endogenous methods of caries prevention are employed. Based on the calculations of mineral/organic and carbon/phosphate ratios, changes in the composition of the human mixed saliva depending on a certain type of prevention were identified.It is shown that the use of a toothpaste (exogenous prevention) alone based on a multi-mineral complex including calcium glycerophosphate provides only a short-term effect of saturating the oral cavity with mineral complexes and groups. Rinsing of the oral cavity with water following the preventive use of a toothpaste completely removes the effect of the saturation of the mixed saliva with mineral groups and complexes.The use of tablets of a multi-mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate (endogenous prevention) in combination with exogenous prevention causes an average increase of ∼10% in the content of mineral groups and complexes in the mixed saliva and allows long-term saturation of the oral fluid by them. This method outperforms the exogenous one owing to a long-term effect of optimal concentrations of endogenous and biologically available derivatives of phosphates on the enamel surface. Keywords: IR spectromicroscopy, The remineralisation of tooth enamel, Caries preventio

Does dentifrice provide the necessary saturation of ions in oral fluids to favour remineralisation?

Background ― Changes in the molecular composition of mixed human saliva using endogenous and exogenous methods of caries prevention were studied and the duration of these changes in relation to the initial state of the oral fluid was determined. Material and Methods ― In total, 200 European healthy, addiction-free, university-educated males and females, aged 22–30 were recruited for the study. Participants collected their mixed saliva samples after the use of a multi-mineral toothpaste (exogenous prevention) and after three days of taking a calcium glycerophosphate tablet (endogenous prevention). In the first stage of the study, samples of mixed saliva were analysed by infrared (IR) lab spectrometer and equipment of infrared microspectroscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron (Victoria, Australia) was used in the second stage of study. Results ― Based on the experimental data obtained by IR-spectroscopy technique, the mineral/organic and carbon/phosphate ratios were calculated. The changes in the organic mineral balance of the oral cavity induced by these two preventive methods were analysed. The statistical significance of the results for the confidence level of p is indicated. The data shows that changes in the molecular composition of mixed saliva when using an exogenous method of caries prevention only provides a short-term effect, continuing for the first 30 minutes after the preceding prevention. Moreover, calcium glycerophosphate tablets can change the organic-mineral balance in mixed saliva, increasing the content of mineral groups and complexes. The content of endogenous, biologically accessible phosphate groups and complexes in the mixed saliva exceeds by approximately 12% that of the mixed saliva before the use of the prevention agents. Conclusion ― Use of calcium glycerophosphate tablets in combination with brushing (a combination of endogenous and exogenous prevention methods) leads to the long-term presence of high concentrations of ions, mineral complexes and groups (phosphates) in the oral fluid

Active vibration modes in the spectrum of intact enamel and enamel area with the emerging caries process and their assignment to specific molecular groups.

<p>Active vibration modes in the spectrum of intact enamel and enamel area with the emerging caries process and their assignment to specific molecular groups.</p

The Raman spectra of tooth enamel after the procedure named as rubberband correction.

<p>DCPD Raman Spectra—on top; sound and carious enamel—at the bottom.</p