Experimental Investigation of Delamination Formed by Bone Drilling

Bone drilling is a common method for fixing implants used in bone fractures. Because of the fibre-reinforced composite structure of bone, parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed and drill type affect the hole surface quality. After drilling, the quality of the bore surface, burr formation and delamination at the hole entrance and exit affect the ability of the screw to cause implant failure and fusion problems of the fracture. For this reason, it is very important to conduct drilling with optimum speed and feedrate values. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on hole surface quality and delamination were studied experimentally. In the experiment, bovine bone, which has similar structural properties to human bone, was used. The hole surface quality and delamination formed at the exit of the hole were examined for three different feed rates and spindle speeds. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the feed rate had more effect on both delamination and hole surface quality than the spindle speed. It was also determined that the cortical part of the bone and the cancellous part of the bone affected the production of heat and drill wear differently

The Perceived Country Of Origin Images In Turkey

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of country-of-origin image in quality perceptions of Turkish consumers. Since the research already supports the fact that country-of-origin image reflects a consumer’s general perception about the quality of products made in a particular country and the nature of people from that country, the authors aimed to search how consistent the Turkish consumers are in perceiving some products/product groups and the countries those products are associated with. The objective is to assess the matching of perceptions of some country images and the products. Both the product-country and the country-product match information can be used to assess consumers’ purchase intentions by both marketing practitioners and the state authorities in managing country images. This study examined country-of-origin in terms of the fit between countries and product categories as perceived by a sample of 500 students/professionals in both major universities and numerous business institutions in Turkey. The findings indicated that the respondents were not consistent in associating the names of the products and the names of the countries with each other

Comparison of the Velocity and Power Parameters During Loaded-Squat Jump Exercise of National Athletes in Different Branches

The aim of this investigation is to compare velocity and power variables during loaded-squat jump (SJLoaded) exercise of national athletes dealing with different sports branches and to identify whether velocity and power parameters become different or not according to branches. In accordance with this purpose, a total of 36 national athletes (age: 20.3±1.68 years; height: 173.5±6.46 cm; weight: 72.3±10.29 kg) composed of 12 wrestlers (age: 19.5±.90 years; height: 172.3±6.19 cm; weight: 75.5±13.9 kg), 12 arm wrestlers (age: 20.5±2.02 years; height: 174.7±4.76 cm; weight: 72.6±8.31 kg) and 12 kickboxers (age: 20.7±1.81 years; height: 173.5±8.29 cm; weight: 68.9±6.94 kg) dealing with different sports branches have voluntarily participated in this study. For identifying velocity and power parameters, SJLoaded exercise was executed with an external load that corresponds to 40% of body weights of the athletes by utilizing an isoinertial velocity transducer (T-Force dynamic measurement system) and values of mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) were determined. All data analyzes were performed in the SPSS 16.0 statistical program. Firstly, in order to analyze data, it was determined that the data indicated normal distribution by looking at the Shapiro-Wilk coefficient regarding the normality of the distribution of the data. Therefore one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was utilized to identify statistical significant differences among athletes competing in different branches with regard to the velocity and power variables during the SJLoaded exercise. According to analyze results, no statistical significant difference wasn’t seen among branches with regard to MV [f (2.33) = 1.306], MPV [f (2. 33)=2.195], PV [f (2. 33)=2.242], MP [f (2. 33)=1.225], MPP [f (2. 33)=2.787] and PP [f (2. 33)= 2.607] parameters during SJLoaded exercise (p>0.05). The velocity and power parameters obtained in the SJLoaded exercise don’t differ according to the branches

Demonstrating a powerful scale-up strategy for Biosimilar mAb in single use systems via physicochemical and functional characterization

Biosimilars have received a remarkable attention in the recent years. Due to the heterogeneity of biosimilar mAbs, they need to be well-characterized by various orthogonal techniques in order to identify their physicochemical and functional characteristics. Characterization of the post translational modifications, especially, glycosylation is vital to define the critical quality attributes (CQAs) which affect safety, efficacy and quality of drugs. In this study, we were able to manipulate the quality of the drug by using scale-up strategies for single use systems. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), we were able to demonstrate physicochemical similarities between innovator and its biosimilar candidate. Even the PTM (N-terminal pyroglutamic acid formation, C-terminal lysine truncation, methionine and tryptophan oxidation, asparagine deamidation, N-glycosylation and glycation) levels of two products from 3 and 200-liter single-use bioreactors were highly similar compared to the innovator. The mass spectrometry studies showed that the scale-up strategy from 3 liter to 200 liter was successful. Deconvoluted mass spectrum for intact and reduced masses (heavy and light chain) of innovator and its biosimilar candidates from different production scales were significantly similar. Oxidation was observed to be lower in 200 liter bioreactor compared to the 3 liter. The N-glycan profiles for the major and minor glycan species were highly similar compared to the originator. Aggregation level in 200 liter was slightly lower than that of the small scale production. Mass spectrometry becomes an important tool to enhance the biosimilarity to the originator in order to decrease the clinical efforts to be able to provide affordable drugs to the patients

Do N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels determine the prognosis of community acquired pneumonia?

Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, especially in theelderly. The use of clinical risk scores to determine prognosis is complex and thereforeleads to errors in clinical practice. Pneumonia can cause increases in the levels of cardiacbiomarkers such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The prognosticrole of the NT-proBNP level in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of the NT-proBNP level in patientswith CAP, as well as its correlation with clinical risk scores. Methods: Consecutiveinpatients with CAP were enrolled in the study. At hospital admission, venous bloodsamples were collected for the evaluation of NT-proBNP levels. The Pneumonia SeverityIndex (PSI) and the Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and age ? 65years (CURB-65) score were calculated. The primary outcome of interest was all-causemortality within the first 30 days after hospital admission, and a secondary outcomewas ICU admission. Results: The NT-proBNP level was one of the best predictors of30-day mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.735 (95% CI: 0.642-0.828; p< 0.001), as was the PSI, which had an AUC of 0.739 (95% CI: 0.634-0.843; p < 0.001),whereas the CURB-65 had an AUC of only 0.659 (95% CI: 0.556-0.763; p = 0.006).The NT-proBNP cut-off level found to be the best predictor of ICU admission and 30-day mortality was 1,434.5 pg/mL. Conclusions: The NT-proBNP level appears to be agood predictor of ICU admission and 30-day mortality among inpatients with CAP, witha predictive value for mortality comparable to that of the PSI and better than that of theCURB-65 score

Prognostic Value of Lymph Node and Spleen Activity in [18F]FDG PET-CT in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of primary mass, spleen and lymph node metabolic activity in [18F]FDG PET-CT as well as the prognostic value of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (TLR) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Seventy-four patients, with pathological data, complete blood count and [18F]FDG PET-CT images, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were grouped as lung adenocarcinoma (n = 32) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 42). The time between [18F]FDG PET-CT imaging and death was calculated. Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary lesion was calculated (lung or mediastinum). The SUVmax value of the spleen was used as an indicator of RES activity. Metabolic activity of lymph node was calculated from the lymph node having the highest activity independent of localization. Results: The SUVmax spleen/liver and SUVmax lymph node/liver ratios were significantly higher in the exitus subgroup of squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.025, p=0.043; respectively). The SUVmax lymph node/liver ratio was found to be a predictor for survival in squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.019, OR:1.282). The SUVmax spleen/liver and SUVmax lymph node/liver ratios were similar between subgroups of adenocancer. Conclusions: The SUV ratios of the spleen were not a predictor for survival in both groups. The SUVmax lymph node/liver ratio was found to be a predictor for survival in squamous cell carcinoma. However, NLR and PLR were not found to be prognostic factors

Effects of 8 Weeks of Plyometric Exercise on Certain Physiological Parameters and Performance of Swimmers

In this study, it is aimed to review the effects of 8 week plyometric exercises on certain physiological parameters and freestyle swimming performance of swimmers of age 10-11 who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. Study group has been created by 24 male volunteer swimmers who practice swimming with a licence in city of Van. 24 volunteer athletes aged 10-11, who are licenced swimmers for two years and who exercise regularly 5 days a week have been selected for the study. The athletes are randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 12. Throughout the study, in addition to swimming exercises, experimental group is scheduled to 3 days a week plyometric exercise program. Control group is not given any additional exercise except from the swimming exercises. It is seen that the obtained data does not show normal distribution and non-parametric tests of Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Test are used for data analysis. Significance level is taken as p0,05).      As a result, it is seen that the 8 week plyometric exercise has a significant effect on vertical leap and even though not statistically significant, it is pondered that it has a positive effect on freestyle swimming duration of experimental group, compared to that of control group

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome-a case report

Peutz-Jeghers Sendromu (PJS) gastrointestinal polipler ve mukokutanöz pigmentasyonlarla karakterize otozomal dominant geçişli, nadir görülen bir sendromdur. PJS'lu hastalarda gastrointestinal ve nongastrointestinal kanser riski hem relatif ve hem de mutlak değer olarak artmıştır. Melena şikayeti ile gelen 6 yaşındaki kız hastamızın ağız mukozasında siyah pigmente lezyonlar vardı. Uzun süredir yineleyen karın ağrılarından şikayetçi idi ve rektal polip öyküsü vardı. PJS tanısı alan hastamızın aile bireylerinden baba ve amcasında ağız mukozasında benzer lezyonlar, ayrıca babada mide kanaması öyküsü, hastanın kız kardeşinde yineleyen karın ağrıları, babaannesinin erkek kardeşlerinde mide ve nazofarenks kanseri mevcuttu. PJS'lu hastalarda LKB1(STK11) geninin sorumlu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Malignite riski normal popülasyondan 18 kat fazladır. Hastaların genç yaştan itibaren izlenmesi ve aile taraması yapılması kanser teşhisi yönünden önemlidir. Nadir görülen PJS'lu olgumuzu yayınlamayı ve konu ile ilgili literatürdeki bilgileri aktarmayı uygun bulduk.Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), inherited autosomal dominantly, is a rare syndrome characterised by mucocutaneus pigmentation and gastrointestinal polyps. Patients with PJS are at very high relative and absolute risk for gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal cancers. Our 6 year old female patient was admitted with melena and also had black pigmented lesions on her oral mucosa. She gave a long history of abdominal cramps and rectal polyps. Our diagnosis was PJS. There were similar lesions on her father's and uncle's oral mucosa, her father had a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, her sister had recurrent abdominal pain and her grandmother's brother had nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinoma. Recent literature holds the LKB1(STK11) gene responsible for PJS. In patients with PJS the risk of malignancy is 18 times more than normal population. For the early diagnosis of cancer, patients with PJS and their families have tobeexaminedfrequently. Since PJSisararedisorder, thiscasewas decidedtobepresentedalong withareview of recent literature

Koronavirüs Hastalığı-2019 Hastalarının Tırnak Dibi Kapilleroskopisi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Mikrovaskülopati, Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) hastalığı komplikasyonlarında rol alan mekanizmalardan biridir. Tırnak dibi kapilleroskopisi (TDK) mikrovasküleriteyi değerlendirmede kullanılan non-invaziv bir yöntemdir. COVID-19 hastalarında endotel disfonksiyonu ve mikrovaskülopatinin saptanmasında yol gösterici olabilir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu-CoV-2 testi pozitif çıkmış 54 hastaya TDK yapıldı ve hastalar kapiller yoğunluk, mimari ve morfoloji açısından değerlendirildi. Anormal ve normal kapilleroskopi bulguları olan hastalar COVID-19 klinik semptomları açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların %72’si erkek, yaş ortalaması ise 35,6±11,6 idi. Toplamda 22 hastada (%41) anormal kapilleroskopik değişikliklerden en az 1 tanesi vardı. Kapilleroskopik yaygın anormallikler ise sırasıyla, perikapiller ödem (%43), genişlemiş ve dilate kapil (%24), tortiyozite kapiller (%22) oldu. Hastaların %17’sinde hiperenflamatuvar yanıt görüldü ve 1 hastada yoğun bakım ihtiyacı oldu. Anormal kapilleroskopik değişliği olan hastalarda hiperenflamatuvar yanıt, antisitokin kullanımı ve tromboz sıklığı artmıştı. Sonuç: COVID-19 hastalarında anormal kapilleroskopik bulgular sıklıkla gözlenmiştir. Anormal kapilleroskopik bulguları olan hastalarda hiperenflamatuvar yanıt ve antisitokin ilaç kullanımı sıklığının artması hiperenflamasyon ile mikrovaskülopati arasında bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. TDK’nın, COVID-19 hastalığı klinik tutulumları ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır