Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the body composition of morbidly obese patients induced by a very lowcalorie diet. METHODS: We evaluated 120 patients selected from a university hospital. Body composition was assessed before and after the diet provided during hospitalization, and changes in weight, body mass index, and neck, waist and hip circumferences were analyzed. Bioimpedance was used to obtain body fat and fat-free mass values. The data were categorized by gender, age, body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: The patients consumed the diet for 8 days. They presented a 5% weight loss (without significant difference among groups), which represented an 85% reduction in body fat. All changes in body circumference were statistically significant. There was greater weight loss and a greater reduction of body fat in men, but the elderly showed a significantly higher percentage of weight loss and greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass. Greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass were also observed in superobese patients. The changes in the diabetic participants did not differ significantly from those of the non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a VLCD before bariatric surgery led to a loss of weight at the expense of body fat over a short period, with no significant differences in the alteration of body composition according to gender, age, body mass index and diabetes status

Very low-calorie diet in morbidly obese patients in the preoperative bariatric surgery: analysis of change in body composition during acute weight loss

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade mórbida é um fator de risco independente para complicações pós-operatórias precoces e uma estratégia para sua prevenção é a redução de peso no período pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica através da intervenção nutricional. Assim, a dieta de muito baixo valor calórico (DMBVC) é indicada para obesos mórbidos e controle de suas comorbidades. Além da perda de peso (PP), avaliar a composição corporal é uma necessidade na prática clínica e uma avaliação precisa de cada componente corporal faz-se necessária para complementar o diagnóstico nutricional. OBJETIVO: Analisar a alteração da composição corporal de obesos mórbidos durante a PP aguda no período pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica induzida por DMBVC. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 120 pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. A avaliação da composição corporal foi realizada antes e após a dieta ofertada durante a internação hospitalar e foram analisadas as alterações de peso, IMC, circunferências de pescoço, cintura e quadril, gordura corporal (GC) e massa livre de gordura (MLG), sendo estes obtidos através da bioimpedância. Os dados foram categorizados segundo gênero, idade, IMC e diagnóstico de diabetes. RESULTADOS: O período médio de consumo da DMBVC foi de 8 dias. Os pacientes apresentaram em média 5% de PP representada principalmente por redução de GC (85% da PP). Todas as reduções nas circunferências corporais foram estatisticamente significantes. Todos os pacientes tiveram PP, mas observamos dois comportamentos distintos com relação à alteração da composição corporal que proporcionou a divisão em dois grupos: no grupo A (GA) (63% dos pacientes) houve diminuição de GC e de MLG e no grupo B (GB) houve diminuição de GC, mas um aumento na MLG. A PP e a redução do IMC de ambos os grupos foram semelhantes, porém, a discrepância na alteração de GC e MLG foi estatisticamente significante. Verificou-se maior PP e maior redução de GC nos homens, os idosos apresentaram maior porcentagem de PP e maiores reduções de GC e MLG. Os pacientes com IMC > 50 Kg/m2 tiveram maior PP e maiores reduções de GC e de MLG, porém não foi significante, e não foi encontrada diferença estatística para as alterações nos pacientes diabéticos. Não houve correlação entre as categorias estudadas e os diferentes comportamentos de alteração da composição corporal observados. CONCLUSÃO: A DMBVC pré-operatória determinou uma PP à custa de GC com dois comportamentos distintos em relação à MLG (um grupo com redução e outro com aumento)BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity is an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications, and one strategy for its prevention is weight loss in the preoperative bariatric surgery through nutritional intervention. Thus, the very low calorie diet (VLCD) is indicated for morbidly obese and its comorbidities control. In addition to the weight loss (WL), assess body composition is need in clinical practice, and an accurate assessment of body composition is necessary to supplement the nutritional diagnosis. AIM: analyze the change in body composition of morbidly obese patients during the acute WL in the preoperative bariatric surgery induced by VLCD. METHODS: We evaluated 120 patients hospitalized at University of São Paulo Clinical Hospital. The assessment of body composition was performed before and after the diet offered during hospitalization, and analyzed changes in weight, BMI, neck, waist and hip circumferences, body fat (BF) and fat free mass (FFM), these obtained by bioimpedance. Data were categorized according to gender, age, BMI and diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: The average period of VLCD was 8 days. The patients had 5% WL and this was represented principally by BF reduction (85% of WL). All reductions in the body circumferences were statistically significant. All of the patients had WL, but observed two distinct behaviors in relation to the change in body composition which provided the division into two groups: group A (GA) (63% of the patients) had decreased BF and FFM and Group B (GB) had decreased BF, but an increase in the FFM. The WL and the reduction of BMI of both groups were similar, however, the discrepancy in the BF and FFM change was statistically significant. There was a higher WL and greater reduction of BF in men, the elderly had a higher percentage of WL, with a significant difference, and greater reductions of BF and FFM. Patients with BMI > 50 kg/m2 had higher WL and greater reductions of BF and FFM, but it was not significant, and there was no statistical difference changing in diabetic patients. There was no correlation between categories studied and the different behaviors change in the body composition found. CONCLUSION: the preoperative VLCD determined an acute weight loss basically of BF, with two behaviors concerning FFM changing (one group with decreasing and the other with increasing

Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the body composition of morbidly obese patients induced by a very low-calorie diet. METHODS: We evaluated 120 patients selected from a university hospital. Body composition was assessed before and after the diet provided during hospitalization, and changes in weight, body mass index, and neck, waist and hip circumferences were analyzed. Bioimpedance was used to obtain body fat and fat-free mass values. The data were categorized by gender, age, body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: The patients consumed the diet for 8 days. They presented a 5% weight loss (without significant difference among groups), which represented an 85% reduction in body fat. All changes in body circumference were statistically significant. There was greater weight loss and a greater reduction of body fat in men, but the elderly showed a significantly higher percentage of weight loss and greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass. Greater reductions in body fat and fat-free mass were also observed in superobese patients. The changes in the diabetic participants did not differ significantly from those of the non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a VLCD before bariatric surgery led to a loss of weight at the expense of body fat over a short period, with no significant differences in the alteration of body composition according to gender, age, body mass index and diabetes status