Harvest age of Urochloa hybrids regarding yield, chemical composition, and in vitro biogas production

Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation, and in vitro biogas production of the Cayman and Cobra cultivars, at different cutting ages. Design/Methodology/Approach: Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), and cellulose (CEL) were determined at 28, 35, 42, and 49 cutting days. In vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD), pH, and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined during fermentation. The biogas volume was estimated at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours; the volume of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Cobra and Cayman forages was determined at 72 hours. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment. Results: There were no differences (P>0.05) in DM production during the different cutting ages. CP was higher (P<0.05) in both cultivars, at 28 and 35 days after the cutting. The NDF, ADF, HEM, and CEL percentages were different in both cultivars. IVDMD was higher (P<0.05) between day 28 and day 42. Finally, CH4 production was lower (P<0.05) at 28 and 35 days after the cutting. Study Limitations/Implications: The chemical composition of pastures is influenced by climate and, therefore, further analysis must be carried out during different periods or seasons of the year. Findings/Conclusions: The optimal cutting age of the Cobra and Cayman cultivars under drought conditions is between day 28 and day 35 of regrowth. During that period, they have the best chemical and fermentation characteristics

Tissue-specific Activated Regulatory Lymphocytes Immunophenotype in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 5% of the general global population [...]This work was supported by Grant PI-0212-2017, PIGE-0367-2019 and RH-0048-2021 of the “Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía” Spain.Peer reviewe

Tarteso. Nuevas Fronteras (I)

El presente volumen recoge las contribuciones presentadas al II Congreso Internacional sobre Tarteso, Nuevas Fronteras, que tuvo lugar en Mérida entre los días 17 y 19 de noviembre de 2021. Su lectura permite un viaje desde el extremo oriental del Mediterráneo hasta el suroeste de la península ibérica, mostrando las diversas realidades históricas acontecidas en este territorio durante la I Edad del Hierro. El objetivo de esta publicación es mostrar la situación que atravesaba el Mediterráneo durante los años de surgimiento y desarrollo de la cultura tartésica para así comprender mejor la formación y evolución de dicha cultura. El conocimiento de Tarteso ha evolucionado sensiblemente en la última década, desde la celebración y publicación de las actas del I Congreso Internacional, Tarteso. El emporio del metal (Almuzara, 2013). La incorporación de nuevas voces y visiones enfocadas al conocimiento de la protohistoria peninsular, así como de algunos temas nunca antes abordados en el conocimiento de Tarteso, permiten presentar en este volumen una visión renovada, donde destaca la incorporación de unos nuevos límites territoriales para esta cultura.Esta publicación se ha beneficiado de las siguientes ayudas para su financiación: Proyecto de Investigación del Plan Nacional I+D+i: “Construyendo Tarteso 2.0: análisis constructivo, espacial y territorial de un modelo arquitectónico en el valle medio del Guadiana” (PID2019-108180GB- I00), financiado por MCIN AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Subvención global de la Secretaría General de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Universidad de la Junta de Extremadura al Instituto de Arqueología.Peer reviewe

Inherited p40^{phox} deficiency differs from classic chronic granulomatous disease

Biallelic loss-of-function (LOF) mutations of the NCF4 gene, encoding the p40^{phox} subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, have been described in only 1 patient. We report on 24 p40^{phox}-deficient patients from 12 additional families in 8 countries. These patients display 8 different in-frame or out-of-frame mutations of NCF4 that are homozygous in 11 of the families and compound heterozygous in another. When overexpressed in NB4 neutrophil-like cells and EBV-transformed B cells in vitro, the mutant alleles were found to be LOF, with the exception of the p.R58C and c.120_134del alleles, which were hypomorphic. Particle-induced NADPH oxidase activity was severely impaired in the patients’ neutrophils, whereas PMA-induced dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) oxidation, which is widely used as a diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), was normal or mildly impaired in the patients. Moreover, the NADPH oxidase activity of EBV-transformed B cells was also severely impaired, whereas that of mononuclear phagocytes was normal. Finally, the killing of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by neutrophils was conserved in these patients, unlike in patients with CGD. The patients suffer from hyperinflammation and peripheral infections, but they do not have any of the invasive bacterial or fungal infections seen in CGD. Inherited p40^{phox} deficiency underlies a distinctive condition, resembling a mild, atypical form of CGD

A synthetic route to pyranoid epoxy-exo-glycals from D-glucose

A synthetic route to a pyranose derived epoxy-exo-glycal has been developed from D-glucose. An attempted, one-pot bromination-elimination-oxirane formation, protocol that had worked well on furanoses, resulted only in the generation of 2-bromo-C-1-methyl pyranoid glycals. © ARKAT USA, Inc.Peer Reviewe

Synthesis of furanoid and pyranoid C-1 aryl glycals by reaction of glycosyl chlorides with organolithium reagents

Furanosyl and pyranosyl chlorides react with aryllithium derivatives, obtained by directed ortho-lithiation of activated arenes, to give C-1 aryl glycals in moderate yields.Peer Reviewe

1-exo-alkylidene-2,3-anhydrofuranoses: Valuable synthons in the preparation of furanose-based templates

Highly functionalized 1-exo-alkylidene-2,3-anhydro-, and 1′-halo-1-exo-alkylidene-2,3-anhydrofuranoses can be prepared in four or five steps, respectively, from D-mannose. These compounds feature a variety of functionalities, including a double bond, an oxirane, an allylic oxirane and (in the case of the 1′-halo derivative) an alkenyl halide. The reactivity of each functionality in these derivatives has been explored, and the usefulness of these substrates has been demonstrated with the preparation of furanose-based carbohydrate templates with up to four sites of molecular diversity. A highly functionalized 1-exo-alkylidene-2,3-anhydro-furanose, available in four steps from D-mannose, is a useful substrate that can be transformed into a variety of furanose derivatives including compounds with up to four sites for diversity. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Peer Reviewe

Galicia Bank sediment transport activity in response to continuous sedimentary instability dynamics: a geotechnical perspective

16 pages, 7 figures, 5 tablesThe sedimentary instability dynamics occurring over time throughout the isolated Galicia Bank (Atlantic Ocean, NW Iberian Peninsula) have been studied using a sedimentological and geotechnical approach featuring a quantitative assessment of slope stability under different scenarios, including earthquake activity. The erosion of the scarps in the Galicia Bank includes the continuous development of small instabilities evacuated along gullies and channels or deposited on slopes. These deposits may be subsequently mobilized, evolving into new sedimentary gravity flows (e.g., turbidity flow). The studied sediments consist mostly of poorly to very poorly sorted sands and silts transported by turbidity currents and occasionally by debris flow processes. The sediments in the study area identified as normally consolidated and located on gently sloping areas (gradients less than 5°) may become unstable if low-magnitude seismic events occur (PGA  10° without any trigger other than oversteepening. In contrast, overconsolidated sediments may remain stable under static conditions and may become unstable on slope gradients > 10° when earthquakes occur with the maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA = 0.34). The sedimentological and geotechnical models presented herein are complementary approaches that can be utilized to understand the long-term sedimentary instability dynamics observed within the study area. Such results are critical for better understanding sedimentary models of the dismantling processes of deep seamounts located far away from continental sedimentary inputsThis study was supported by the Spanish projects ANTES (CTM2011-14030-E), MOWER (CTM2012 -39599-C03) and FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R)Peer Reviewe

Sonogashira couplings of halo- and epoxy-halo-exo-glycals: Concise entry to carbohydrate-derived enynes

Furanose- and pyranose-derived mono- and dihalo-exo-glycals undergo Sonogashira coupling reactions in the presence of Pd catalysts to give carbohydrate-derived enynes in a completely stereoselective manner. On the other hand, a furanose-derived 2, 3-anhydrohalo-exo-glycal, available from D-mannose in five steps, undergoes Pd0-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, leading to 2-deoxyenynes. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,.Peer Reviewe

Formation and reactivity of new Nicholas-Ferrier pyranosidic cations: Novel access to oxepanes via a 1,6-hydride shift/cyclization sequence

Pyranosidic allylic (Ferrier) cations that share dicobalt hexacarbonyl propargyl (Nicholas) stabilization at C-1 display a remarkable reactivity leading to either substituted oxepanes or 3-C-branched pyranosides, depending on the substituent at O-6. © 2010 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Peer Reviewe