Risk of Negative Health Outcomes and High Costs for People With Diabetes and Unmet Psychological Needs in the United States.

Measuring the population-level relationship between compromised mental health and diabetes care remains an important goal for clinicians and health care decision-makers. We evaluated the impact of self-reported unmet psychological need on health care resource utilization and total health care expenditure in people with type 2 diabetes. Patients who reported unmet psychological needs were more likely than those who did not to incur a higher annual medical expenditure, have greater resource utilization, and have a higher risk of all-cause mortality

Student accounts of the Ontario Secondary School literacy Test: a case for validation

The Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) is a cross-curricular literacy test issued to all secondary school students in the province of Ontario. The test consists of a reading and a writing component, both of which must be successfully completed for secondary school graduation in Ontario. This study elicited 16 first language and second language student accounts of their OSSLT test-taking processes immediately after the March 2006 test administration. The analysis of these students’ accounts provided valuable information about the validity of the inferences drawn from the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test. These accounts suggest the complexity of the processes that the students engaged as they attempted to demonstrate their reading and writing skills on the test. The study has implications for test developers and test users regarding the interpretation of student test performance on the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test

A Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction To Access 6‑Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro‑1<i>H</i>‑[1,2,3]­triazolo[4,5‑<i>c</i>]­pyridines Enables the Discovery Synthesis and Preclinical Profiling of a P2X7 Antagonist Clinical Candidate

A single pot dipolar cycloaddition reaction/Cope elimination sequence was developed to access novel 1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5<i>H</i>-[1,2,3]­triazolo­[4,5-<i>c</i>]­pyridine P2X7 antagonists that contain a synthetically challenging chiral center. The structure–activity relationships of the new compounds are described. Two of these compounds, (<i>S</i>)-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)­phenyl)­(1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5<i>H</i>-[1,2,3]­triazolo­[4,5-<i>c</i>]­pyridin-5-yl)­methanone (compound <b>29</b>) and (<i>S</i>)-(3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)­pyridin-4-yl)­(1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)-6-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5<i>H</i>-[1,2,3]­triazolo­[4,5-<i>c</i>]­pyridin-5-yl)­methanone (compound <b>35</b>), were found to have robust P2X7 receptor occupancy at low doses in rat with ED₅₀ values of 0.06 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. Compound <b>35</b> had notable solubility compared to <b>29</b> and showed good tolerability in preclinical species. Compound <b>35</b> was chosen as a clinical candidate for advancement into phase I clinical trials to assess safety and tolerability in healthy human subjects prior to the initiation of proof of concept studies for the treatment of mood disorders