MGOS: A library for molecular geometry and its operating system

The geometry of atomic arrangement underpins the structural understanding of molecules in many fields. However, no general framework of mathematical/computational theory for the geometry of atomic arrangement exists. Here we present "Molecular Geometry (MG)'' as a theoretical framework accompanied by "MG Operating System (MGOS)'' which consists of callable functions implementing the MG theory. MG allows researchers to model complicated molecular structure problems in terms of elementary yet standard notions of volume, area, etc. and MGOS frees them from the hard and tedious task of developing/implementing geometric algorithms so that they can focus more on their primary research issues. MG facilitates simpler modeling of molecular structure problems; MGOS functions can be conveniently embedded in application programs for the efficient and accurate solution of geometric queries involving atomic arrangements. The use of MGOS in problems involving spherical entities is akin to the use of math libraries in general purpose programming languages in science and engineering. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V

The Effects of Changing from Isoflurane to Desflurane on the Recovery Profile during the Latter Part of Anesthesia

It is not known whether changing from isoflurane to desflurane during the latter part of anesthesia shows early emergence and recovery in long surgery. We therefore evaluated the effects of changing isoflurane to desflurane on emergence and recovery. Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive isoflurane (Group I) or desflurane (Group D) or to change from isoflurane to desflurane anesthesia (Group X). At the point when there was an hour until the operation would end, isoflurane was replaced with 1 MAC of desflurane in Group X, and isoflurane and desflurane were maintained at 1 MAC in Groups I and D. When the operation ended, we compared the emergence and recovery characteristics among the 3 groups. Compared with Group I, Group X showed faster emergence and recovery. Group X and Group D showed similar emergence and recovery. In conclusion, changing isoflurane to desflurane during the latter part of anesthesia improves emergence and recovery

Low-Dose Fluoroscopy Protocol for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography

Purpose We applied a low-dose fluoroscopic protocol in routine diagnostic cerebral angiography and evaluated the feasibility of the protocol. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed a total of 60 patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography for various neurovascular diseases from September to November 2019. Routine protocols were used for patients in the first phase and low-dose protocols in the second phase. We compared radiation dose, fluoroscopy time, and complications between groups. Results Age, diseases, and operators were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean fluoroscopy dose significantly decreased by 52% in the low-dose group (3.09 vs. 6.38 Gy·cm2); however, the total dose was not significantly different between the two groups (34.07 vs. 33.70 Gy·cm2). The total fluoroscopic time was slightly longer in the low-dose group, but the difference was not statistically significant (12.2. vs. 12.5 minutes). In all patients, angiography was successfully performed without complications. Conclusion The low-dose fluoroscopy protocol is feasible to apply for diagnostic cerebral angiography in that this protocol could significantly reduce the fluoroscopic dose

Prolonged paradoxical air embolism during intraoperative intestinal endoscopy confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography -A case report-

Venous air embolism (VAE) during intestinal endoscopy is a rare complication. We report a case of cardiovascular collapse due to VAE confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during intraoperative intestinal endoscopy. TEE detected air bubbles in the left ventricle up to 1 hour after the event. When a patient deteriorates during endoscopic procedures, VAE and possible paradoxical air embolism (PAE) should be suspected. This case demonstrates that TEE can play an important role in diagnosing and managing an air embolism in anesthetized patients. In addition, this case demonstrates that PAEs may occur longer than expected after recovery from VAE-induced cardiovascular collapse