CONTRIBUTION OF THE KNEE JOINT TO MECHANICAL ENERGY IN CROUCHING START ACCORDING TO THE BACKWARD BLOCK INCLINED ANGLE INCREASE

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of the knee joint to mechanical energy in crouching start according to the backward block inclined angle increase(F, F1, F2). Using kinetic and kinematic data from 3 university sprinters participating in this study we calculated the energies absorbed and generated by the knee joints. The analysis is limited to a two-dimensional (sagittal plane) exercise. Comparing mean values of the energy absorbed and generated from lower extremity joints of each subjects according to backward block inclined angle increase (F, F1, F2). We generate a ratio of a total energy absorbed and generated from lower extremities to one from knee joints. The generated energy of knee joints during start was the highest for all subjects and the absorbed energy of those was the lowest at 55 degree of backward block angle, or F, for subject 1, 50 degree for subject 2, and 50 degree for subject 3

Dynamic All-Red Signal Control Based on Deep Neural Network Considering Red Light Runner Characteristics

Despite recent advances in technologies for intelligent transportation systems, the safety of intersection traffic is still threatened by traffic signal violation, called the Red Light Runner (RLR). The conventional approach to ensure the intersection safety under the threat of an RLR is to extend the length of the all-red signal when an RLR is detected. Therefore, the selection of all-red signal length is an important factor for intersection safety as well as traffic efficiency. In this paper, for better safety and efficiency of intersection traffic, we propose a framework for dynamic all-red signal control that adjusts the length of all-red signal time according to the driving characteristics of the detected RLR. In this work, we define RLRs into four different classes based on the clustering results using the Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) and the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA). The proposed system uses a Multi-Channel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (MC-DCNN) for online detection of RLR and also classification of RLR class. For dynamic all-red signal control, the proposed system uses a multi-level regression model to estimate the necessary all-red signal extension time more accurately and hence improves the overall intersection traffic safety as well as efficiency. © 2020 by the authors.1

Short-Term Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Peripapillary Retinal Blood Flow in Normal Tension Glaucoma

PURPOSE: Based on the vascular theory of glaucoma pathogenesis, we wanted to evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on peripapillary blood flow in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Thirty patients with NTG were randomly placed in the GBE-treated or control groups. The GBE-treated group received 80 mg GBE orally, twice a day for four weeks, and the control group received a placebo twice a day for four weeks. Complete ocular examinations including visual field, Heidelberg retina flowmeter, and systemic examinations were performed on the first study day and on the day treatment was completed. RESULTS: After GBE treatment, the mean blood flow, volume, and velocity increased at almost all points, and there was a statistically significant increase in blood flow at almost all points, in comparison to the placebo. Blood volume significantly increased only in the superior nasal and superior temporal neuroretinal rim areas. GBE also significantly increased blood velocity in areas of the inferior temporal neuroretinal rim and superior temporal peripapillary area. CONCLUSIONS: GBE administration appears to have desirable effect on ocular blood flow in NTG patients.ope

Clinical Manifestations of Recurrent Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma

Objectives. This study was undertaken to confirm the clinical characteristics of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), and to identify those factors that affect the development of malignant transformation (MT) from RPA. Methods. The medical records of 270 patients, who were operated upon for parotid PA, were retrospectively reviewed. The pathologic specimens of a selected series of 23 patients were reviewed for histologic subtype and microscopic multi-nodularity. Results. Mean age of initial operation in RPA without MT (RPA(-MT)) group was significantly lower than that of primary PA group. Mean age of the revision operation in RPA with MT (RPA(+MT)) group was significantly greater than that of RPA(-MT) group. Mean interval from operation to recurrence shortened after each revision operation. The risk of MT and additional recurrence increased significantly with recurrence. In RPA(-MT) group tumor recurrence occurred in 21.4% of patients despite a clear resection margin. Conclusion. The risk factors for MT may be an age of over 45 yr and multiple recurrences. However, younger patients are more at risk of recurrence. A clear resection margin cannot guarantee a cure in RPA, and it seems that parotid pleomorphic adenomas slowly gain malignant characteristics after repeated recurrences.SUH MW, 2005, KOREAN J HEAD NECK O, V21, P146HANNA EY, 2005, CUMMINGS OTOLARYNGOL, P1348Ghosh S, 2003, CLIN OTOLARYNGOL, V28, P262Glas AS, 2002, CANCER, V94, P2211, DOI 10.1002/cncr.10445Glas AS, 2001, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V23, P311BRADLEY PJ, 2001, CURR OPIN OTOLARYNGO, V9, P100Carew JF, 1999, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V121, P539Junquera L, 1999, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V21, P652Hancock BD, 1999, ANN ROY COLL SURG, V81, P299Bankamp DG, 1999, LARYNGO RHINO OTOL, V78, P77Hoorweg JJ, 1998, EUR J SURG ONCOL, V24, P452Henriksson G, 1998, CANCER, V82, P617Laskawi R, 1998, BRIT J ORAL MAX SURG, V36, P48Klijanienko J, 1997, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V19, P629Leverstein H, 1997, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V254, P313SunardhiWidyaputra S, 1995, PATHOL RES PRACT, V191, P1186PHILLIPS PP, 1995, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V104, P100BUCHMAN C, 1994, LARYNGOSCOPE, V104, P1231NATVIG K, 1994, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V16, P213JACKSON SR, 1993, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V107, P546MCGREGOR AD, 1988, BRIT J PLAST SURG, V41, P177FEE WE, 1978, LARYNGOSCOPE, V88, P265SEIFERT G, 1976, HNO, V24, P415NAEIM F, 1976, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V100, P271FRAZELL EL, 1954, CANCER, V7, P637

Fatigue Prediction of the Discharge Pipe in Reciprocating Compressor

In this paper, a fatigue prediction of the line discharge tube for reciprocating compressor being installed in a refrigerator was studied. The tube usually gets plenty of the repeated loads caused by the start and stop motion of a reciprocating compressor. There are two representative methods to predict the fatigue stress. At first the stress-life can be applied to the problem which takes a lot of repeated stress within the elastic strain range. Second is the strain-life method which can be used when it comes to the problem of a small repeated stress in the plastic strain range. This paper presents the stress-life method how the design parameters of a discharge pipe relate to the fatigue prediction and analyzes the co-relation between them

A Novel sLRP6E1E2 Inhibits Canonical Wnt Signaling, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, and Induces Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Lung Cancer

Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway contributes to human cancer progression. Antagonists that interfere with Wnt ligand/receptor interactions can be useful in cancer treatments. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a soluble Wnt receptor decoy in cancer gene therapy. We designed a Wnt antagonist sLRP6E1E2, and generated a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad), dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2, and a replication-competent oncolytic Ad, RdB-k35/sLRP6E1E2, both expressing sLRP6E1E2. sLRP6E1E2 prevented Wnt-mediated stabilization of cytoplasmic β-catenin, decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. sLRP6E1E2 induced apoptosis, cytochrome c release, and increased cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. sLRP6E1E2 suppressed growth of the human lung tumor xenograft, and reduced motility and invasion of cancer cells. In addition, sLRP6E1E2 upregulated expression of epithelial marker genes, while sLRP6E1E2 downregulated mesenchymal marker genes. Taken together, sLRP6E1E2, by inhibiting interaction between Wnt and its receptor, suppressed Wnt-induced cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Right hydrothorax misconceived as atelectasis after left internal jugular vein catheterization -A case report-

Central vein catheterization is a common procedure for monitoring the central venous pressure, securing vascular access, administrating vasoactive drugs and removing air embolisms. However, many complications can occur, such as vessel injury, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, nerve injury, arrhythmia and infection at the insertion site. We encountered an unusual complication of a localized right hydrothorax that was initially misinterpreted as an atelectasis after left internal jugular vein catheterization and right lateral positioning for a left lower lobectomy