ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CYCAS CIRCINALIS.L AND IONIDIUM SUFFRUTICOSUM. GING

Herbs with antioxidants and antimicrobial activity play a vital role in prevention and cure of certain complex diseases. Cycas circinalis and Ionidium Suffruticosum are the herbs taken to study its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of the above 2 herbs were taken and the antimicrobial activity was studied by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the antioxidant activity was analyzed by percentage inhibition of DPPH activity. Around 8 species of microorganisms were taken for antimicrobial assay. The Cycas circinalis showed 0.7mm of zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus in culture whereas Ionidium Suffruticosum showed 1mm and 0.4 mm of zone of inhibition for Escherichia colli and Salmonella typhi respectively. The rest of all species were non-reactive for both the herbal extracts. The IC50 values of I.suffruticosum at various concentrations were 95.6, 96.0 and 97.6 respectively whereas for C.circinalis, it was 78.7, 85.9 and 87.5 respectively. The IC50 value of I.suffruticosum shows that the herb has more antioxidant property when compared to that of C.circinalis and standard (ascorbic acid). The study shows that I.suffruticosum and C.circinalis both have mild antimicrobial activity acting only on 2 species of bacteria and the rest were dormant. I.suffruticosum and C.circinalis both were found to have antioxidant activity. This is a preliminary study done on the above 2 herbs which is a part of vast ongoing research work

APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF CYCAS CIRCINALIS.L AND IONIDIUM SUFFRUTICOSUM.GING ON MALE WISTER ALBINO RATS

Introduction: Cycas circinalis .L and Ionidium suffruticosum. Ging are the two herbs used in Siddha system of medicine (Indian Medicine) for years together to improve the fertility of male. Objective: The aphrodisiac activities of the two herbs Cycas circinalis .L and Ionidium suffruticosum. Ging were tested on male albino rats and compared the effect with normal and positive control male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The present study involves 4 groups, each group has 6 healthy sexually active male albino rats. The Cycas circinalis and Ionidium suffruticosum extract (200mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to 2 experimental group of albino rats and its sexual performance was compared to the normal albino rats (given normal saline) and positive control albino rats (given Sildenafil citrate 4.5mg/kg body weight). The aphrodisiac activities of rats due to the effect of the herb were observed by various parameters such as mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory Interval and total sexual behavior. The data's were analyzed using one way ANOVA and found to be statistically significant. Results: The herbs showed significant positive results in improving various parameters involved in maintaining maleness. The study proves that Cycas circinalis and Ionidium suffruticosum both have aphrodisiac activity and Ionidium suffruticosum was proved to be more effective and almost has the similar effect of Sildenafil citrate. Conclusion The herbal extracts possessing aphrodisiac activity will be of great use for males suffering from sexual disorders like impotence. KEYWORDS: Ionidium suffruticosum, Cycas circinalis, Aphrodisiac activity, Mount frequency, Mount latency, Intromission frequency, Intromission latency, Ejaculation latency, Post ejaculatory interval, Total sexual behavior

A Scheme for Detecting the Sinkhole for Secured WSN

Because of the limited computation capability as well as transmissions being broadcasted in a wireless sensor network (WSN) they are supposed to be more susceptible for attacks related to the security. As present wireless sensor networks have low-power constraints as well as increased complexity, thus for nodes’ performance analysis related to the embedded software and network simulation efficient approaches are required. Additionally, as these networks are used to deal with the sensitive information and operated in the adverse unattended environments, thus, security feature must be added in most of these wireless sensor networks. In this paper a novel scheme for detecting various sinkhole nodes for wireless sensor network (WSN). The results of this proposed scheme show the 1.75% fake positive rate and 96% of detection rate. In comparison to the previous schemes, these aspects are considerably better. In addition to these aspects, our scheme also achieves the communication as well as computational efficiencies. As a result of which, this proposed scheme proved to have better results in many applications.

Elucidation of genetic diversity through Multivariate analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) landraces for varietal improvement

Genetic diversity plays a crucial role in harnessing the potential of crop genotypes for genetic improvement. It helps to identify, preserve, and utilize diverse landraces effectively. This research aimed to assess the level of genetic diversity and traits enhancing genetic variation among 46 brinjal genotypes (Solanum melongena L.) in preparation for a special breeding programme to utilize the potential landraces. Genetic divergence among 46 genotypes of brinjal for eleven characters was assessed using the D2 method. The studied genotypes were categorized into eight clusters. Cluster I with 15 genotypes was the largest followed by Cluster IV (14 genotypes), Cluster V (7 genotypes), Cluster VII (4 genotypes), Cluster III (3 genotypes), Clusters II, VI, and VIII with one genotype each. The intra-cluster D2 values ranged from 0.00 (Cluster II, VI and VII) to 103.53 (Cluster III). The inter-cluster distances varied from 117.00 to 791.17. Cluster II and Cluster VII had the greatest inter-cluster distance (791.17), followed by Cluster II and VIII (673.41), and Cluster VII and Cluster V had the smallest inter-cluster distance (117.00). Crossing genotypes in clusters with wide inter-cluster distances improves recombinant isolation in segregating generations. The three traits- number of flowers per inflorescence (23.8%), average fruit weight (17.68%) and days to first flowering (16.81%) altogether contribute to 57.8% of the total divergence. The combination of these traits could be useful to produce high-yielding climate resilient varieties from valuable landraces

Evaluation of outcome of single mandibular molar tooth replacement by two narrow diameter dental implants

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of replacement of single mandibular molar tooth with two narrow diameter implants in terms of evaluation of implant success rate, bone loss, soft tissue and hard tissue healing, oral hygiene maintenance, patient satisfaction and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department Of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental college, Tamilnadu. Patients of either sex, having partial edentulism in the posterior mandibular arch who required preferably implant based fixed prosthesis were included in this study. Patients who were willing to undergo the double implant supported molar replacement, were included in this prospective study. After preoperative evaluation, two narrow diameter implants were placed parallel to each other under local anesthesia. All the patients underwent two stage implant protocol. Implants were loaded with screw retained metal ceramic prosthesis after three months of healing. Bone loss was measured using standard intra oral periapical radiograph which were taken periodically at six months and one year post operatively. The implant success were evaluated using International congress of oral implantology’s (ICOI) criteria, implant mobility index. Pain was assessed with visual analogue scale, and post-operative oral hygiene was evaluated using modified plaque index and bleeding index. The overall satisfaction of the implant procedure was evaluated using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: Ten patients having partially edentulousness in either mandibular first or second molar area had replaced with twenty narrow diameter implant. The average mesio-distal length of the edentulous space is 12.5mm ± 1mm, average buccolingual width is 6.3mm ± 0.7mm. All 20 implants placed were of 3mm diameter and the length of the implant ranged from 10 mm to 13 mm depending on the available length. Post-operative crestal bone loss at six month follow up (T1) was 0.52± 0.13mm, 0.57± 0.12mm for mesial and distal implant. Post-operative crestal bone loss at 12 month follow up (T2) was 1.05± 0.20mm, 1.08±0.23mm for mesial and distal implant respectively. Comparison of crestal bone loss at 6 months and 12 months was done using paired t test and it was statistically significant( p value >0.05) for mesial and distal implant. Comparison of crestal bone loss between mesial and distal implants at 6 months and 12 months is not statistically significant (p value <0.05).These measurements were made with the help of intra oral periapical radiograph film. Soft tissue and hard tissue wound healing was good in all our patients except in two patients who had mild gingival hyperplasia over the healing abutment. All the implants were successful as evaluated by ICOI criteria. 90% of all our patients had only mild or no pain at one year follow up. All our patients had a score of < 1 in the modified plaque and bleeding index indicating good oral hygiene. CONCLUSION: In our study all our mandibular molar tooth replaced with two narrow diameter supported implant prosthesis had 100% success rate, with good soft tissue and hard tissue healing and good oral hygiene maintenance at one year follow up. None of our patients had either implant fracture or abutment screw loosening or any other complications. Therefore, the use of two narrow diameter implants to replace a single molar is a logical treatment solution to avoid prosthodontic complications

A study of the extent, branching pattern and applied aspects of abdominal aorta

INTRODUCTION: The morphological aspect of abdominal aorta shows great variations in its extent, course and its branches. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to observe the morphological and radiological aspect of the abdominal aorta. The objectives of the study includes 1. To study the course, extent of the abdominal aorta 2. number of branches, 3. vertebral origin of branches of abdominal aorta. 4. Length of abdominal aorta, 5. Inter-arterial distance between Coeliac artery, superior mesentric and inferior mesentric artery, 6.external diameter at various levels, 7. Variations in both morphologal and radiological images. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifty abdominal aorta specimens taken from unclaimed cadavers in the Department of Anatomy and from the Forensic Medicine and ten radiological images obtained from the Department of Radiology, Govt. Stanley Medical College were taken for the study. OBSERVATION: In all fifty specimens, course were found to be normal. 49 specimens showed normal branching pattern.One specimen showed an accessory renal artery on the left side in addition to usual branches of aorta. Vertebral level of origin of coeliac artery were at T12-L1 level, superior mesentric artery at body of L1 level, inferior mesentric artery at L3 level, renal arteries at L1 level and gonadal artery at L2 level. CONCLUSION: The Variations in the course and branches of abdominal aorta has its significance and is of paramount importance. This study will be of helpful to Anatomist, Surgeons and for Radiologist in view of its morphological results

Design and Simulation of Blending Function for Landing Phase of a UAV

This paper aims to achieve the autonomous landing of unmanned air vehicle (UAV).  Itmainly deals with glide path design, flare path design, design of blending function, andinterfacing the glide and flare paths with the blending function. During transition from glideslope to flare path, a UAV will tend to the unstable region. In a manned aircraft, the pilotcontrols the unstability that occurs during the change of phase from glide slope to flare, butwhich is impossible in UAV till now. A blending function has been formulated for use in a UAVto overcome this unstability during transition. This simulation is done with the Matlab Simulinkand the results are reported

Parasystole in a Mahaim Accessory Pathway

AbstractAutomaticity has been described in Mahaim pathways, both spontaneously and during radiofrequency ablation. We describe an unusual case of automatic rhythm from a Mahaim pathway presenting as parasystole. The parasystolic beats were also found to initiate tachycardia, resulting in initial presentation with incessant tachycardia and tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

Vibrational spectroscopic investigations, DFT computations, nonlinear optical and other molecular properties of 3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile (BFBN) have been recorded in the regions 4000-400 cm-1 and 3500-400 cm-1, respectively. Utilizing the observed FT-Raman and FTIR data, a complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound have been carried out and subsequently confirmed by total energy distribution (TEDs). In the calculations performed to determine the optimum molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities, the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets has been used. The results have been compared with the experimental values. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the vibrational modes is very small. The NLO properties such as polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of the molecule have been calculated. The effects of frontier orbitals, HOMO and LUMO and the transition of electron density transfer have been discussed. The UV-Vis spectrum has been done which confirms the charge transfer of BFBN. The chemical interpretation of hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis

Cluster Based Intrusion Detection Technique for Wireless Networks

Wireless networks are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, which allows for many other forms of attacks on the networks. Although th e identity of a node can be verified through cryptographic authentication, authentication is not always possible because it requires key management and additional infrastructural overhead. In this paper we propose a method for both detect ing spoofing attacks, as well as locating the positions of adversaries performing the attacks. We propose to use the spatial correlation of received signal strength (RSS) inherited from wireless nodes to detect the spoofing attacks. We then formulate the problem of determin ing the number of attackers as a multiclass detection problem. Cluster - based mechanisms are developed to determine the number of attackers. When the training data are available, we explore using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to further improve t he accuracy of determining the number of attackers. In addition, we developed an integrated detection and localization system that can localize the positions of multiple attackers. We evaluated our techniques through two test beds using both an 802.11 ( Wi - Fi ) network and an 802.15.4 network in two real office buildings. Our experimental results show that our proposed methods can achieve over 90 percent Hit Rate and Precision when determining the number of attackers. Our localizatio n results using a represen tative set of algorithms provide strong evidence of high accuracy of localizing multiple adversaries