Spatial Distribution And Sociodemographic Composition Of High Grade Cervical Lesion Clusters In Connecticut 2008-2013

Introduction: HPV is necessary for the development of invasive cervical cancer. There were 530,000 cases and 275,000 deaths attributable to cervical cancer in 2008. Since the introduction of HPV vaccines in 2006, the incidence of high grade cervical lesions (HGCL)—precancerous lesions which may develop into cervical cancer—has decreased significantly. Some changing sociodemographic trends in disease burden have been previously reported since 2008. Objectives: The objectives of this analysis were to identify regions of Connecticut with high rates of HGCLs and to describe how trends of disease changed over time in the post-vaccine era. Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of surveillance data on HGCLs that were collected from all 34 state pathology laboratories between 2008 and 2013 through the HPV-IMPACT surveillance project. Spatial analyses were performed to identify clusters of high rates of HGCLs in 20-39 and 20-24 year old groups. Census sociodemographic data were linked to clusters to analyze trends in disease burden. A Poisson regression model was fit to describe the changing statewide patterns of disease in different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and age groups. Results: Spatial analyses identified several transient clusters of HGCLs from 2008 to 2013. These clusters varied in size, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition. A persistent cluster of HGCLs was observed in the northwestern region of the state across age groups. The number of cases declined significantly from 2009 to 2013 in the 20-24 and 25-29 year old groups, but did not change significantly in the 30-39 year old groups. Census tracts with ≥20% in poverty had a significantly lower rate of cases compared to census tracts with \u3c5% in poverty. These same census tracts had a higher rate of cases in the 30-34 and 35-39 year old group compared to census tracts with \u3c5% in poverty. No significant interactions between poverty level and time were observed in predicting the number of cases in any age strata between 20 and 39 years old. Discussion: Local public health collaborators should further investigate the persistent cluster of HGCLs in the northwestern region of the state. Cases have been declining consistently since the introduction of the vaccine in younger age groups (20-29) which may be affected by the vaccine. This decline was not seen in older groups (30-39) that likely did not receive the vaccine. This method of linking surveillance data to census data with spatio-temporal analysis can be used in other areas to assess changing trends in precancerous lesions in the post-vaccine era

Total War System and Youth Culture in East Asia Looking at 20th Century Culture from the Changes of Mobilization Mode

In recent years the relations between the governments of Japan China and South Korea have been very tense The Chinese government often sends military aircraft or warships to the Senkaku Islands the Diaoyu Islands and the South Korean government stationed its troops on Takeshima Dokdo Their domestic media also reported daily on Japan s right-leaning An atmosphere of opposition to Japan is slowly brewing in the societies of the two countries The media in Japan also daily report the airspace and territorial water violations of Chinese military aircraft and warships as well as anti-Japanese trends in China and South Korea The societies of the three countries are slowly permeating an atmosphere of mutual hatred It seems that the entire East Asia lies in a vortex of opposition In a sense the government s declaration and media reports as well as the dissemination of literature and art are all modes of mobilizing the public But looking at the current situation in East Asia the results of the two mobilizations are completely opposite Behind it are mobilization change

Mixed Formamidinium-Methylammonium Lead Iodide perovskite from first-principles: Hydrogen-bonding impact on the electronic properties

Hybrid perovskites with mixed organic cations such as methylammonium and formamidinium have attracted interest due to their improved stability and capability to tune their properties varying the composition. In this work we report on the local variation of the structural and electronic properties in mixed A-site cation MA/FA lead iodide perovskites FAXMA1-XPBI3 evaluated from static first-principles calculations in certain structures where the orientations of organic cations result from examining the energy landscape of some compositions. The cation replacement at the A-site to form the solid solution causes an increase tilting of the inorganic PbI6 octahedra: in the FA-rich compounds the replacement of FA by a smaller cation like MA is to compensate the reduced space filling offered by the smaller cation, whereas in the MA-rich compounds is to expand the space needed for the larger cation. In fact, the effect of octahedron tiltings exceeds that of unit-cell size in determining the band gap for these organic cation mixtures. Our calculations indicate that the key role played by hydrogen bonds with iodine anions in pure compounds is preserved in the cation mixed perovskites. It is found that MA-I bonds remain stronger than FA-I bonds throughout the composition range regardless of the unit-cell expansion as the FA content increases. Our calculations reveal how the hydrogen bonds stabilize the no-bonding I-5p orbitals, spatially perpendicular to the Pb-I-Pb bond axis, lowering their energy when the H-I interaction occurs, which would explain the well-known role of hydrogen bonding in the structural stabilization of hybrid perovskites. These results contribute to the understanding on the role played by cation mixing at A sites in the physics of lead halide perovskites.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figure