Expression of p16 protein and cyclin d1 in periampullary carcinomas

Objective: The majority of the tumors in periampullary region are pancreatic and ampulla of Vater carcinomas. The aim of this study was to compare histopathological features of ampulla of Vater carcinomas with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and to determine diagnostic and predictive values of p16 protein and cyclin D1 expression. Material and Method: Tissue samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and ampulla of Vater carcinomas were obtained from 31 patients who underwent pancreticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma. The study group was composed of 12 women and 19 men. Their median age was found to be 62.32 years (range 26-85 years). The parameters analyzed in the study included lymph node metastases, perineural invasion, differentiation, duodenal invasion, grade of intraepithelial neoplasia and p16 and cyclinD1 expression in tumoral and peritumoral pancreatic tissues. Results: In both tumor groups, the loss of p16 protein expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (p=0.0001). Perineural invasion was more frequent in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma group than the ampulla of Vater carcinoma group (p=0,01). When desmoplasia and lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltration were examined, desmoplastic reaction was significantly higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas than ampulla of Vater carcinomas (p=0.01). No significant difference was observed between tumor groups for Cyclin D1 (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that loss of p16 protein expression may be a sign for poor prognosis in periampullary cancers that is correlated mainly with perineural invasion. Desmoplastic stromal reaction may be a distinctive feature for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma compared with ampulla of Vater carcinoma

Confirmation of PSMA expression measured on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT by immunohistochemistry in prostate adenocarcinoma

Background: Our aim is to determine the accuracy of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in showing PSMA expression in primary prostate cancer and to investigate the relationship between SUVmax and immunohistochemical PSMA expression, Gleason score, and PSA value. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 66 male patients who were diagnosed with primary prostate adenocarcinoma, underwent pre-treatment [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination for staging, and performed radical prostatectomy between March 2018–August 2020. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to the radical prostatectomy specimens of all patients to detect PSMA expression. The results were evaluated as an immunoreactive score (IRS) and a modified IRS was obtained. Gleason score groups and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum values of the patients were obtained from the patient files. Results: The high SUVmax of primary prostate tumors was significantly correlated with a high modified IRS score (score 2; 3), high PSA value, high Gleason score, and metastasis. In correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found between SUVmax and PSA value and modified IRS score (r = 0.69, p = 0.001; r = 0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant weak correlation between PSA serum concentration and modified IRS scores (r = 0.267; p = 0.03). In regression analysis, the percentage of positive cells had a statistically significant and increasing effect on SUVmax (p = 0.031; std beta = 0.268; 95% CI = 0.231–4.596). Conclusions: In prostate adenocarcinoma, SUVmax of the primary tumor in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT correlates with immunohistochemical PSMA expression. In addition, high SUVmax is associated with markers of poor prognoses, such as high PSMA expression, PSA value, and Gleason score

Expression of p16 protein and cyclin D1 in periampullary carcinomas [Meeting Abstract]

Abstract Not Availabl

Dose-dependent effects of adalimumab in neonatal rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal damage

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has an important role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal damage. It was shown that blocking TNF-alpha with infliximab has beneficial effects on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic intestinal injury. However, there is no data about the effect of adalimumab on H/R-induced intestinal damage. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential dose-dependent benefits of adalimumab in such damage in neonatal rats. Wistar albino rat pups were assigned to one of the four groups: control group, hypoxia group, low-dose adalimumab (5 mg/kg/day) treated group (LDAT), and high-dose adalimumab (50 mg/kg/day) treated group (HDAT). On the fourth day of the experiment, all rats except for the control group were exposed to H/R followed by euthanasia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-alpha, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured in intestinal tissue. TAC and TOC values were used to calculate the oxidative stress index (OSI). Histopathological injury scores (HIS) were also evaluated in the tissue samples. MDA levels were significantly lower in the LDAT and HDAT groups (p TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower in the LDAT group (p 0.001). OSI was significantly higher in the H/R group than in the control and LDAT groups (p 0.001). Mean HIS values in the LDAT group were significantly lower than those in the H/R and HDAT groups (p 0.001). This experimental study showed that low-dose adalimumab appears to have a beneficial effect on intestinal injury induced with H/R in neonatal rats.Academic Research Projects Unit of the University of Pamukkale [2017HZDP017]We would like to thank the Academic Research Projects Unit of the University of Pamukkale for their support with this study (grant number 2017HZDP017)

Comparison of Multiparametric and Fast MRI Protocols in Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer and a Detailed Cost Analysis

Background Due to the long acquisition time and high cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), biparametric and, more recently, fast prostate magnetic resonance imaging (fpMRI) protocols have been described. However, there is insufficient data about the diagnostic performance and cost of fpMRI. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performances and cost analysis of fpMRI and mpMRI in clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCA). Study Type Retrospective. Population A total of 103 patients (63 had csPCA) with a mean age of 66.83 (+/- 7.22) years were included. Field Strength/Sequence A 1.5-T; T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo imaging (T1WI and T2WI), echo-planar diffusion-weighted images, and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1W imaging. Assessment Three readers independently evaluated the fpMRI and mpMRI images in different sessions blinded to all patient information. Diagnostic performances of fpMRI and mpMRI were evaluated. Kappa coefficient (kappa) was used to determine the interreader and intrareader agreement. A detailed cost analysis was performed for each protocol. Statistical Tests Receiver operating characteristics analysis, area under the curve (AUC), and kappa test were used. Diagnostic performance parameters were also calculated. Results Of the 63 malignant index lesions (csPCA), 53/63 of those (84.1%) originated from the peripheral zone and 10/63 lesions (15.9%) originated from the transition zone. The AUC values for fpMRI were 0.878 for reader 1, 0.937 for reader 2, and 0.855 for reader 3. For mpMRI, the AUC values were 0.893 for reader 1, 0.94 for reader 2, and 0.862 for reader 3. Inter and intrareader agreements were moderate to substantial (kappa range, 0.5-0.79). The total cost per examination was calculated as euro12.39 and euro30.10 for fpMRI and mpMRI, respectively. Data Conclusions Fast MRI protocol has similar diagnostic performance with mpMRI in detecting csPCA, and fpMRI can be considered an alternative protocol that could create a lower financial burden on health-care systems. Level of Evidence 4 Technical Efficacy Stage

VI-RADS score and tumor contact length in MRI: A potential method for the detection of muscle invasion in bladder cancer

Background: Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) is a useful tool for evaluating muscle layer invasion of bladder cancer (BCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of bladder MRI to detect the muscle layer invasion of BCa using VI-RADS score and quantitative MRI parameters. Methods: Preoperative bladder MRI was performed in 73 BCa patients. Two observers independently evaluated the MR blinded to histopathological data and classified the tumors according to VI-RADS criteria. Moreover, the quantitative parameters (maximum tumor diameter; Dmax, tumor contact length; TCL, and tumor apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC values) were independently measured by observers. The diagnostic performance of the VI-RADS score and quantitative values were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the weighted-kappa coefficient (Kappa). Results: For the VI-RADS score, the AUC (area under the curve) was 0.968 and accuracy was 90.4% for Observer 1, and AUC was 0.953, accuracy was 89% for Observer 2. The AUC of TCL, TCL/DMax, and ADC values was 0.918, 0.675, and 0.832. In patients with a VI-RADS score >= 3, when a threshold value of TCL > 19.5 mm is used as complementary to the VI-RADS score, the accuracy of MRI for Observer-1 increases 100% and 97.26% for Observer-2. There was a good-excellent agreement between the observers in assessing the VI-RADS scores and quantitative parameters. Conclusion: Evaluation of bladder MRI using both VI-RADS criteria and TCL is successful and highly reproducible for detecting muscle layer invasion in patients with BCa

A LIFE-SAVING EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF BURKITT LYMPHOMA INVOLVING BOTH JAWS, MISDIAGNOSED AS PERICORONITIS

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive and rare B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this paper, a rare case of BL, involving both jaws, was presented. A 24-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic with the complaint of mandibular and maxillary swelling for two months. He was previously misdiagnosed with pericoronitis and had a history of the right mandibular third molar tooth extraction, one-month prior. Intraoral examination showed swelling, ulceration, and spontaneous bleeding in both jaws. Radiographically, extensive osteolytic lesions, irregular periodontal space widening, loss of lamina dura, and peri-radicular radiolucencies were detected. Incisional biopsy was performed from both jaws and the final diagnosis was made as BL. It is crucial to be aware of the clinical and radiological features of this disease dentists and to consult the withou

A LIFE-SAVING EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF BURKITT LYMPHOMA INVOLVING BOTH JAWS, MISDIAGNOSED AS PERICORONITIS

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive and rare B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this paper, a rare case of BL, involving both jaws, was presented. A 24-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic with the complaint of mandibular and maxillary swelling for two months. He was previously misdiagnosed with pericoronitis and had a history of the right mandibular third molar tooth extraction, one-month prior. Intraoral examination showed swelling, ulceration, and spontaneous bleeding in both jaws. Radiographically, extensive osteolytic lesions, irregular periodontal space widening, loss of lamina dura, and peri-radicular radiolucencies were detected. Incisional biopsy was performed from both jaws and the final diagnosis was made as BL. It is crucial to be aware of the clinical and radiological features of this disease dentists and to consult the withou

The miRNA content of circulating exosomes in DLBCL patients and in vitro influence of DLBCL-derived exosomes on miRNA expression of healthy B-cells from peripheral blood

BACKGROUND: Due to the heterogeneous nature of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), the mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of plasma exosomes of DLBCL patients and healthy individuals and to evaluate the exosomal interactions between DLBCL cell lines and normal B-cells. METHODS: Exosome isolation was performed using an ultracentrifugation-based protocol from plasma of 20 patients with DLBCL and 20 controls. The expression of miRNAs from exosome samples was analyzed using a miRNA expression microarray. The presence of exosome-mediated communication between the lymphoma cells and normal B -cells was determined by the co-culture model. RESULTS: A significant increase in plasma exosome concentrations of DLBCL patients was observed. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of 33 miRNAs in plasma exosomes of DLBCL patients. It was determined that normal B-cells internalize DLBCL-derived exosomes and then miRNA expression differences observed in normal B-cells are specific to lymphoma-subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-3960, miR-6089 and miR-939-5p can be used as the miRNA signature in DLBCL diagnosis. We suppose that the exosomes changed the molecular signature of the target cells depending on the genomic characterization of the lymphoma cells they have originated.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK [114S442]This study was supported by a grant from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK (Grant No. 114S442). The authors are grateful to Dr. Sevil Zencir for helpful discussions and Dr.Nazan Keskin for STEM and TEM assistance