Analysis of the superdefomed rotational bands

All available experimental data for the $\Delta I=2$ transition energies in superdeformed bands are analyzed by using a new one-point formula. The existence of deviations from the smooth behavior is confirmed in many bands. However, we stress that one cannot necessarily speak about staggering patterns as they are mostly irregular. Simulations of the experimental data suggest that the irregularities may stem from the presence of irregular kinks in the rotational spectra. This could be a clue but, at the moment, where such kinks come from is an open question.Comment: 6 pages, RevTex, 7 p.s. figures, submitted to P.R.

Folding and unfolding phylogenetic trees and networks

Phylogenetic networks are rooted, labelled directed acyclic graphs which are commonly used to represent reticulate evolution. There is a close relationship between phylogenetic networks and multi-labelled trees (MUL-trees). Indeed, any phylogenetic network $N$ can be "unfolded" to obtain a MUL-tree $U(N)$ and, conversely, a MUL-tree $T$ can in certain circumstances be "folded" to obtain a phylogenetic network $F(T)$ that exhibits $T$. In this paper, we study properties of the operations $U$ and $F$ in more detail. In particular, we introduce the class of stable networks, phylogenetic networks $N$ for which $F(U(N))$ is isomorphic to $N$, characterise such networks, and show that they are related to the well-known class of tree-sibling networks.We also explore how the concept of displaying a tree in a network $N$ can be related to displaying the tree in the MUL-tree $U(N)$. To do this, we develop a phylogenetic analogue of graph fibrations. This allows us to view $U(N)$ as the analogue of the universal cover of a digraph, and to establish a close connection between displaying trees in $U(N)$ and reconcilingphylogenetic trees with networks

Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Takotsubo Syndrome

Acknowledgments The authors thank the Edinburgh Imaging Facility. Sources of Funding This work and T. Singh, S. Joshi, and Drs Dweck and Newby are supported by the British Heart Foundation (grants FS/17/19/32641, CS/17/1/32445, RG/16/10/32375, RE/18/5/34216, FS/ICRF/20/26002, and FS/SCRF/21/32010). T. Singh is supported by the Medical Research Council (grant MR/T029153/1). Dr Newby is the recipient of a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (WT103782AIA). Dr McCann is supported by an NIHR Research Professorship (08-2017-ST2-007). The Edinburgh Clinical Research Facilities and Edinburgh Imaging Facility are supported by the National Health Service Research Scotland through the National Health Service Lothian Health Board.Peer reviewe

Staggering effects in nuclear and molecular spectra

It is shown that the recently observed Delta J = 2 staggering effect (i.e. the relative displacement of the levels with angular momenta J, J+4, J+8, ..., relatively to the levels with angular momenta J+2, J+6, J+10, ...) seen in superdeformed nuclear bands is also occurring in certain electronically excited rotational bands of diatomic molecules (YD, CrD, CrH, CoH), in which it is attributed to interband interactions (bandcrossings). In addition, the Delta J = 1 staggering effect (i.e. the relative displacement of the levels with even angular momentum J with respect to the levels of the same band with odd J) is studied in molecular bands free from Delta J = 2 staggering (i.e. free from interband interactions/bandcrossings). Bands of YD offer evidence for the absence of any Delta J = 1 staggering effect due to the disparity of nuclear masses, while bands of sextet electronic states of CrD demonstrate that Delta J = 1 staggering is a sensitive probe of deviations from rotational behaviour, due in this particular case to the spin-rotation and spin-spin interactions.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages plus 30 figures given in separate .ps files. To appear in the proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (Marly-le-Roi, France, 1999), ed. J. Maruani et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht

‘Sons of athelings given to the earth’: Infant Mortality within Anglo-Saxon Mortuary Geography

FOR 20 OR MORE YEARS early Anglo-Saxon archaeologists have believed children are underrepresented in the cemetery evidence. They conclude that excavation misses small bones, that previous attitudes to reporting overlook the very young, or that infants and children were buried elsewhere. This is all well and good, but we must be careful of oversimplifying compound social and cultural responses to childhood and infant mortality. Previous approaches have offered methodological quandaries in the face of this under-representation. However, proportionally more infants were placed in large cemeteries and sometimes in specific zones. This trend is statistically significant and is therefore unlikely to result entirely from preservation or excavation problems. Early medieval cemeteries were part of regional mortuary geographies and provided places to stage events that promoted social cohesion across kinship systems extending over tribal territories. This paper argues that patterns in early Anglo-Saxon infant burial were the result of female mobility. Many women probably travelled locally to marry in a union which reinforced existing social networks. For an expectant mother, however, the safest place to give birth was with experience women in her maternal home. Infant identities were affected by personal and legal association with their mother’s parental kindred, so when an infant died in childbirth or months and years later, it was their mother’s identity which dictated burial location. As a result, cemeteries central to tribal identities became places to bury the sons and daughters of a regional tribal aristocracy

Mortality on Mount Everest, 1921-2006: descriptive study

Objective To examine patterns of mortality among climbers on Mount Everest over an 86 year period

Using honey to heal diabetic foot ulcers

Diabetic ulcers seem to be arrested in the inflammatory/proliferative stage of the healing process, allowing infection and inflammation to preclude healing. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a major cause of infections, including diabetic foot infections. It is proposed here that the modern developments of an ancient and traditional treatment for wounds, dressing them with honey, provide the solution to the problem of getting diabetic ulcers to move on from the arrested state of healing. Honeys selected to have a high level of antibacterial activity have been shown to be very effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in laboratory and clinical studies. The potent anti-inflammatory action of honey is also likely to play an important part in overcoming the impediment to healing that inflammation causes in diabetic ulcers, as is the antioxidant activity of honey. The action of honey in promotion of tissue regeneration through stimulation of angiogenesis and the growth of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and its insulin-mimetic effect, would also be of benefit in stimulating the healing of diabetic ulcers. The availability of honey-impregnated dressings which conveniently hold honey in place on ulcers has provided a means of rapidly debriding ulcers and removing the bacterial burden so that good healing rates can be achieved with neuropathic ulcers. With ischemic ulcers, where healing cannot occur because of lack of tissue viability, these honey dressings keep the ulcers clean and prevent infection occurring

Period of the gamma-ray staggering in the 150Gd superdeformed region

It has been previously proposed to explain gamma-ray staggerings in the deexcitation of some superdeformed bands in the $^{150}$Gd region in terms of a coupling between global rotation and intrinsic vortical modes. The observed 4$\hbar$ period for the phenomenon is suggested from our microscopic Routhian calculations using the Skyrme SkM* effective interaction.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX with RevTeX, 4 included figures, submitted to Phys. Rep. C (revised version